Nested PCR was evaluated for the detection of proviral DNA of the caprine arthritisencephalitis virus (CAEV) in goats under field conditions. The 512 bp fragment of gag gene of CAEV was amplified and analysed by electrophoresis or blotted into a nylon filter and hybridized with Dig-labelled probe. Using this method it was possible to amplify 1 fg of CAEV DNA. The examination of 69 goats from five flocks revealed the presence of specific antibodies in 24.6% samples, whereas provirus was confirmed in 15.4% and 43.3% samples tested by PCR and PCR/hyb, respectively. Proviral DNA was found in 6 out of 17 seropositive goats as well as in 20 seronegative ones. The results showed that combination of ELISA and PCR/hyb methods would significantly improve diagnosis of goats naturally infected with CAEV.