The behavioral and/or neuroendocrine reactivity to psychological (open-field exposure) and physiological (CRF challenge) stimulations, as well as adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and phenylethanolamine N-methyl transferase (PNMT) activities were measured, at different ages, in the Roman high avoidance (RHA) and Roman low avoidance (RLA) rat lines that have been genetically selected on the basis of their divergent active avoidance behavior. The highest locomotor activity in the open field, associated to blunted prolactin and renin reactivity to an emotional stress and lower specific TH and PNMT activities, characterized the RHA rats of all ages. HPA axis reactivity to psychological and/or physiological stimulations was identical in young animals (14 weeks old) of the two lines. Nevertheless, it displayed with age maturation processes, since the amplitude of postopen-field secretion peak for ACTH was larger in RLA rats from 20 weeks on, the response to CRF being not increased until 42 weeks. These maturation processes could result from genetically influenced changes related to environmental stimulations. Therefore, the Roman lines may be an excellent model to study the interactions between the genetic and developmental factors controlling the coupling between both behavioral and neuroendocrine functions.