Tree-related Microhabitat (TreM) spatial patterns in European beech-dominated forests
Résumé
A Tree related Microhabitat (TreM) is a distinct, well-delineated morphological singularity occurring on living or standing dead trees. It constitutes a crucial substrate or life site for species. TreMs are widely recognized as key features for biodiversity. Since TreMs are not to be found on every tree, their spatial distribution within a forest may affect TreM associated communities related to dispersal capacities of some taxa. However, these spatial patterns are not well known, either in old-growth or in managed forests. We assessed the spatial distribution of eleven TreM groups in European beech-dominated forests both in forests that have not been harvested for at least 100 years and in forests still ongoing management today. We made the assumptions that (i) we can detect spatial patterns in unmanaged forests, (ii) tree-dbh (diameter at breast height) spatial distribution is the main driver of TreM spatial distribution and (iii) management affects these patterns. We did not highlight any consistent spatial pattern, neither in managed nor in old-growth forests. The effect of dbh on TreM occurrence depended on both TreM and forest status. Plot features matters for explaining the occurrence of most of the TreMs. Considering the 10,000 ha natural forest of Uholka (Ukraina) as a case study, we highlighted a significant spatial aggregation for crown deadwood within the whole forest, but we did not find aggregation for the other TreMs.
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