The case study is analysing the development of Mutual Funds designed under Article 38 EU Regulation no 1305/2013. The case study objective is to answer two main questions: what are the difficulties encountered in the development of such mutual fund in Italy and in Romania, and what can be learned from the Fonds Mutuel Sanitaire et Environnemental (FMSE) development in France? The requirements to implement successfully an Article 38 mutual fund are (1) the political support of a leading farmer union and (2) a collaborative work between the Ministry and the farmer union(s). Practical reasons are also of importance for failure, including lack of practical knowledge and legal uncertainty.