Campylobacter jejuniis the leading cause of bacterial enteritis in the world and this zoonotic disease is mainly transmitted by food and water. Campylobacterinfections are characterized by several symptoms such as watery/bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, headache, nausea and vomiting, which may persist for a few days. Post-infection complications are also observed, principally neurological disorders (Guillain-Barré syndrome) or reactive arthritis.Many factors involved in Campylobactervirulence have been described in the literature. However, their intervention in the pathogenesis mechanism is still being investigated and their connections with the clinical signs of disease have not been clearly determined.Among the well-characterized virulence factors are flagella, responsible formotility and type III secretion of effectors, and intestinal colonization. In addition to the putative adhesins and invasins, the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) is involved in adhesion to/invasion of host cells and the mimicking of ganglioside sugars. The mechanisms of other virulence factors, such as the Cia proteins (Campylobacterinvasion antigens) involved in invasion and the type VI secretion system recently described as interacting with the host, are not fully understood. Epidemiological analyses have revealed that the majority of genes encoding for virulence factors are present in the different C. jejunistrains, whatever their origin. Some of these genes contain inserted sequences or punctual mutations, which could be used as molecular toolsto detect and identify Campylobacterspp. Despite scientific advances concerning C. jejuniduring the last decade, the knowledge and understanding of the virulence mechanisms of Campylobacterneed further research. The objective here is to review the consensus virulence factors of C. jejunipathogenesis in order to contribute to the risk management strategies for this foodborne pathogen and identify potential avenues to detect robust virulence factors.