The codling moth, Cydia pomonella, is the most destructive pest of crops in orchards of apple and pear trees. Horticulturists have a wide range of insecticides to fight against this Lepidoptera. But, in the context of a reduction in insecticides’ use, it is important to promote alternative methods such as the regulation of phytophagous insects by natural enemies (biological control by conservation). Our study aims to explore the community of parasitoids of codling moth in an area in the lower valley of the Durance, and investigate the effect of landscape features (hedges for example) and pesticide treatments on the rate of parasitism in order to identify the most important elements that maximize the control of codling moth by its parasitoids. For this, we conducted trapping campaigns for codling moth larvae late in the season and we followed their emergence for four consecutive years (2006-2009), in fifty orchards in the study area. Generalized linear models and canonical correspondence analysis were used to identify relevant factors explaining respectively the rate of parasitism and composition of the parasitoid community. We identified three major parasitoids on diapausing larvae of codling moth: Ascogaster quadridentata, Pristomerus vulnerator, Perilampus tristis. The rate of parasitism throughout the area is low ranging from 0.8% to 3%. This rate is mainly affected by crop protection practices at orchard level and its surrounding environment (up to 100 m). Parasitism rate was higher in organic than conventional orchards and in orchards surrounded by abandoned orchards.These results suggest (i) that the structure of the parasitoid community is functionally more complex in organic orchards and (ii) that it is difficult to detect significant effects of landscape factors other than those of the crop protection practices.