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Article Dans Une Revue Pathogens Année : 2020

Strategies for Assessing Arbovirus Genetic Variability in Vectors and/or Mammals

Résumé

Animal arboviruses replicate in their invertebrate vectors and vertebrate hosts. They use several strategies to ensure replication/transmission. Their high mutation rates and propensity to generate recombinants and/or genome segment reassortments help them adapt to new hosts/emerge in new geographical areas. Studying arbovirus genetic variability has been used to identify indicators which predict their potential to adapt to new hosts and/or emergence and in particular quasi-species. Multiple studies conducted with insect-borne viruses laid the foundations for the "trade-off" hypothesis (alternation of host transmission cycle constrains arbovirus evolution). It was extrapolated to tick-borne viruses, where too few studies have been conducted, even though humans faced emergence of numerous tick-borne virus during the last decades. There is a paucity of information regarding genetic variability of these viruses. In addition, insects and ticks do not have similar lifecycles/lifestyles. Indeed, tick-borne viruses are longer associated with their vectors due to tick lifespan. The objectives of this review are: (i) to describe the state of the art for all strategies developed to study genetic variability of insect-borne viruses both in vitro and in vivo and potential applications to tick-borne viruses; and (ii) to highlight the specificities of arboviruses and vectors as a complex and diverse system.
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hal-03316125 , version 1 (06-08-2021)

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Camille Victoire Migné, Sara Moutailler, Houssam Attoui. Strategies for Assessing Arbovirus Genetic Variability in Vectors and/or Mammals. Pathogens, 2020, 9 (11), pp.1-18. ⟨10.3390/pathogens9110915⟩. ⟨hal-03316125⟩
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