Co-limitation towards lower latitudes shapes global forest diversity gradients
Jingjing Liang
(1)
,
Javier G. P. Gamarra
(2)
,
Nicolas Picard
(3)
,
Mo Zhou
,
Bryan Pijanowski
,
Douglass Jacobs
,
Peter Reich
,
Thomas Crowther
,
Gert-Jan Nabuurs
,
Sergio De-Miguel
,
Jingyun Fang
,
Christopher Woodall
,
Jens-Christian Svenning
,
Tommaso Jucker
,
Jean-Francois Bastin
,
Susan Wiser
,
Ferry Slik
,
Bruno Hérault
(4, 5)
,
Giorgio Alberti
,
Gunnar Keppel
,
Geerten Hengeveld
,
Pierre Ibisch
,
Carlos Silva
,
Hans ter Steege
,
Pablo Peri
,
David Coomes
,
Eric Searle
,
Klaus von Gadow
,
Bogdan Jaroszewicz
,
Akane Abbasi
,
Meinrad Abegg
,
Yves Yao
,
Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez
,
Angelica Zambrano
,
Jan Altman
,
Esteban Alvarez-Dávila
,
Juan Gabriel Álvarez-González
,
Luciana Alves
,
Bienvenu Amani
,
Christian Amani
,
Christian Ammer
,
Bhely Angoboy Ilondea
,
Clara Antón-Fernández
,
Valerio Avitabile
,
Gerardo Aymard
,
Akomian Azihou
,
Johan Baard
,
Timothy Baker
,
Radomir Balazy
,
Meredith Bastian
,
Rodrigue Batumike
,
Marijn Bauters
,
Hans Beeckman
,
Nithanel Mikael Hendrik Benu
,
Robert Bitariho
,
Pascal Boeckx
,
Jan Bogaert
,
Frans Bongers
,
Olivier Bouriaud
,
Pedro Brancalion
,
Susanne Brandl
,
Francis Brearley
,
Jaime Briseno-Reyes
,
Eben Broadbent
,
Helge Bruelheide
,
Erwin Bulte
,
Ann Christine Catlin
,
Roberto Cazzolla Gatti
,
Ricardo César
,
Han Chen
,
Chelsea Chisholm
,
Emil Cienciala
,
Gabriel Colletta
,
José Javier Corral-Rivas
,
Anibal Cuchietti
,
Aida Cuni-Sanchez
,
Javid Dar
,
Selvadurai Dayanandan
,
Thales de Haulleville
,
Mathieu Decuyper
,
Sylvain Delabye
,
Géraldine Derroire
(6, 5)
,
Ben Devries
,
John Diisi
,
Tran Van Do
,
Jiri Dolezal
,
Aurélie Dourdain
(7, 5)
,
Graham Durrheim
,
Nestor Laurier Engone Obiang
,
Corneille Ewango
,
Teresa Eyre
,
Tom Fayle
,
Lethicia Flavine N. Feunang
,
Leena Finér
,
Markus Fischer
,
Jonas Fridman
,
Lorenzo Frizzera
,
André de Gasper
,
Damiano Gianelle
,
Henry Glick
,
Maria Socorro Gonzalez-Elizondo
,
Lev Gorenstein
,
Richard Habonayo
,
Olivier Hardy
,
David Harris
,
Andrew Hector
,
Andreas Hemp
,
Martin Herold
,
Annika Hillers
,
Wannes Hubau
,
Thomas Ibanez
(8)
,
Nobuo Imai
,
Gerard Imani
,
Andrzej Jagodzinski
,
Stepan Janecek
,
Vivian Kvist Johannsen
,
Carlos Joly
,
Blaise Jumbam
,
Banoho Kabelong
,
Goytom Abraha Kahsay
,
Viktor Karminov
,
Kuswata Kartawinata
,
Justin Kassi
,
Elizabeth Kearsley
,
Deborah Kennard
,
Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas
,
Mohammed Latif Khan
,
John Kigomo
,
Hyun Seok Kim
,
Carine Klauberg
,
Yannick Klomberg
,
Henn Korjus
,
Subashree Kothandaraman
,
Florian Kraxner
,
Amit Kumar
,
Relawan Kuswandi
,
Mait Lang
,
Michael Lawes
,
Rodrigo Leite
,
Geoffrey Lentner
,
Simon Lewis
,
Moses Libalah
,
Janvier Lisingo
,
Pablito Marcelo López-Serrano
,
Huicui Lu
,
Natalia Lukina
,
Anne Mette Lykke
,
Vincent Maicher
,
Brian Maitner
,
Eric Marcon
(6, 8)
,
Andrew Marshall
,
Emanuel Martin
,
Olga Martynenko
,
Faustin Mbayu
,
Musingo Mbuvi
,
Jorge Meave
,
Cory Merow
,
Stanislaw Miscicki
,
Vanessa Moreno
,
Albert Morera
,
Sharif Mukul
,
Jörg Müller
,
Agustinus Murdjoko
,
Maria Guadalupe Nava-Miranda
,
Litonga Elias Ndive
,
Victor Neldner
,
Radovan Nevenic
,
Louis Nforbelie
,
Michael Ngoh
,
Anny N’guessan
,
Michael Ngugi
,
Alain Ngute
,
Emile Narcisse N. Njila
,
Melanie Nyako
,
Thomas Ochuodho
,
Jacek Oleksyn
,
Alain Paquette
,
Elena Parfenova
,
Minjee Park
,
Marc Parren
,
Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy
,
Sebastian Pfautsch
,
Oliver Phillips
,
Maria Piedade
,
Daniel Piotto
,
Martina Pollastrini
,
Lourens Poorter
,
John Poulsen
,
Axel Dalberg Poulsen
,
Hans Pretzsch
,
Mirco Rodeghiero
,
Samir Rolim
,
Francesco Rovero
,
Ervan Rutishauser
,
Khosro Sagheb-Talebi
,
Purabi Saikia
,
Moses Nsanyi Sainge
,
Christian Salas-Eljatib
,
Antonello Salis
,
Peter Schall
,
Dmitry Schepaschenko
,
Michael Scherer-Lorenzen
,
Bernhard Schmid
,
Jochen Schöngart
,
Vladimír Šebeň
,
Giacomo Sellan
,
Federico Selvi
,
Josep Serra-Diaz
(9)
,
Douglas Sheil
,
Anatoly Shvidenko
,
Plinio Sist
(4, 5)
,
Alexandre Souza
,
Krzysztof Stereńczak
,
Martin Sullivan
,
Somaiah Sundarapandian
,
Miroslav Svoboda
,
Mike Swaine
,
Natalia Targhetta
,
Nadja Tchebakova
,
Liam Trethowan
,
Robert Tropek
,
John Tshibamba Mukendi
,
Peter Mbanda Umunay
,
Vladimir Usoltsev
,
Gaia Vaglio Laurin
,
Riccardo Valentini
,
Fernando Valladares
,
Fons van der Plas
,
Daniel José Vega-Nieva
,
Hans Verbeeck
,
Helder Viana
,
Alexander Vibrans
,
Simone Vieira
,
Jason Vleminckx
,
Catherine Waite
,
Hua-Feng Wang
,
Eric Katembo Wasingya
,
Chemuku Wekesa
,
Bertil Westerlund
,
Florian Wittmann
,
Verginia Wortel
,
Tomasz Zawiła-Niedźwiecki
,
Chunyu Zhang
,
Xiuhai Zhao
,
Jun Zhu
,
Xiao Zhu
,
Zhi-Xin Zhu
,
Irie Zo-Bi
(10)
,
Cang Hui
(11)
1
Purdue University [West Lafayette]
2 FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie]
3 GIP ECOFOR - Groupement d'Interêt Public Ecosystèmes Forestiers GIP ECOFOR
4 UPR Forêts et Sociétés - Forêts et Sociétés
5 Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés
6 UMR ECOFOG - Ecologie des forêts de Guyane
7 UMR TETIS - Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale
8 UMR AMAP - Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations
9 SILVA - SILVA
10 INP-HB - Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny [Yamoussoukro]
11 Stellenbosch University
2 FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie]
3 GIP ECOFOR - Groupement d'Interêt Public Ecosystèmes Forestiers GIP ECOFOR
4 UPR Forêts et Sociétés - Forêts et Sociétés
5 Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés
6 UMR ECOFOG - Ecologie des forêts de Guyane
7 UMR TETIS - Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale
8 UMR AMAP - Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations
9 SILVA - SILVA
10 INP-HB - Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny [Yamoussoukro]
11 Stellenbosch University
Jingjing Liang
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 801651
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Nicolas Picard
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 757963
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5548-9171
Mo Zhou
- Function : Author
Bryan Pijanowski
- Function : Author
Douglass Jacobs
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Peter Reich
- Function : Author
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Thomas Crowther
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 806816
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5674-8913
Gert-Jan Nabuurs
- Function : Author
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Sergio De-Miguel
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 772909
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9738-0657
Jingyun Fang
- Function : Author
Christopher Woodall
- Function : Author
Jens-Christian Svenning
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 774892
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3415-0862
Tommaso Jucker
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1144423
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0751-6312
Jean-Francois Bastin
- Function : Author
Susan Wiser
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 784299
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8938-8181
Ferry Slik
- Function : Author
Bruno Hérault
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1208900
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- IdRef : 059220104
Giorgio Alberti
- Function : Author
Gunnar Keppel
- Function : Author
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Geerten Hengeveld
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Pierre Ibisch
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Carlos Silva
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Hans ter Steege
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Pablo Peri
- Function : Author
David Coomes
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Eric Searle
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Klaus von Gadow
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Bogdan Jaroszewicz
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Akane Abbasi
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Meinrad Abegg
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Yves Yao
- Function : Author
Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez
- Function : Author
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Angelica Zambrano
- Function : Author
Jan Altman
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1172704
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4879-5773
Esteban Alvarez-Dávila
- Function : Author
Juan Gabriel Álvarez-González
- Function : Author
Luciana Alves
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1172705
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8944-1851
Bienvenu Amani
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 818437
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1610-1212
Christian Amani
- Function : Author
Christian Ammer
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 769836
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4235-0135
Bhely Angoboy Ilondea
- Function : Author
Clara Antón-Fernández
- Function : Author
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- ORCID : 0000-0001-5545-3320
Valerio Avitabile
- Function : Author
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- ORCID : 0000-0003-3646-052X
Gerardo Aymard
- Function : Author
Akomian Azihou
- Function : Author
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- ORCID : 0000-0002-7400-4528
Johan Baard
- Function : Author
Timothy Baker
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1149313
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3251-1679
Radomir Balazy
- Function : Author
Meredith Bastian
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1172709
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0000-9115
Rodrigue Batumike
- Function : Author
Marijn Bauters
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1172710
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0978-6639
Hans Beeckman
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1172711
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8954-6277
Nithanel Mikael Hendrik Benu
- Function : Author
Robert Bitariho
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1172712
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3461-0013
Pascal Boeckx
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1172713
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3998-0010
Jan Bogaert
- Function : Author
Frans Bongers
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 772013
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8431-6189
Olivier Bouriaud
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 743339
- IdHAL : olivier-bouriaud
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8046-466X
- IdRef : 203591917
Pedro Brancalion
- Function : Author
Susanne Brandl
- Function : Author
Francis Brearley
- Function : Author
Jaime Briseno-Reyes
- Function : Author
Eben Broadbent
- Function : Author
Helge Bruelheide
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 774759
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3135-0356
Erwin Bulte
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1172714
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9491-5268
Ann Christine Catlin
- Function : Author
Roberto Cazzolla Gatti
- Function : Author
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Ricardo César
- Function : Author
Han Chen
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 761049
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9477-5541
Chelsea Chisholm
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1172715
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7739-0508
Emil Cienciala
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 769804
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1254-4254
Gabriel Colletta
- Function : Author
José Javier Corral-Rivas
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1149634
- ORCID : 0000-0002-2851-7517
Anibal Cuchietti
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1172716
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5916-0418
Aida Cuni-Sanchez
- Function : Author
Javid Dar
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1172717
- ORCID : 0000-0002-2018-8376
Selvadurai Dayanandan
- Function : Author
Thales de Haulleville
- Function : Author
Mathieu Decuyper
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1172718
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1713-8562
Sylvain Delabye
- Function : Author
Géraldine Derroire
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1133861
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7239-2881
- IdRef : 250349841
Ben Devries
- Function : Author
John Diisi
- Function : Author
Tran Van Do
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 802684
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9059-5842
Jiri Dolezal
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 793918
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5829-4051
Aurélie Dourdain
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1405224
Graham Durrheim
- Function : Author
Nestor Laurier Engone Obiang
- Function : Author
Corneille Ewango
- Function : Author
Teresa Eyre
- Function : Author
Tom Fayle
- Function : Author
Lethicia Flavine N. Feunang
- Function : Author
Leena Finér
- Function : Author
Markus Fischer
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1172719
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5589-5900
Jonas Fridman
- Function : Author
Lorenzo Frizzera
- Function : Author
André de Gasper
- Function : Author
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Damiano Gianelle
- Function : Author
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Henry Glick
- Function : Author
Maria Socorro Gonzalez-Elizondo
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1172720
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4047-154X
Lev Gorenstein
- Function : Author
Richard Habonayo
- Function : Author
Olivier Hardy
- Function : Author
David Harris
- Function : Author
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Andrew Hector
- Function : Author
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- ORCID : 0000-0002-1309-7716
Andreas Hemp
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Martin Herold
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Annika Hillers
- Function : Author
Wannes Hubau
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Thomas Ibanez
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Nobuo Imai
- Function : Author
Gerard Imani
- Function : Author
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Andrzej Jagodzinski
- Function : Author
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Stepan Janecek
- Function : Author
Vivian Kvist Johannsen
- Function : Author
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Carlos Joly
- Function : Author
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Blaise Jumbam
- Function : Author
Banoho Kabelong
- Function : Author
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- ORCID : 0000-0002-3234-054X
Goytom Abraha Kahsay
- Function : Author
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Viktor Karminov
- Function : Author
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Kuswata Kartawinata
- Function : Author
Justin Kassi
- Function : Author
Elizabeth Kearsley
- Function : Author
Deborah Kennard
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Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas
- Function : Author
Mohammed Latif Khan
- Function : Author
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John Kigomo
- Function : Author
Hyun Seok Kim
- Function : Author
Carine Klauberg
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Yannick Klomberg
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Henn Korjus
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Subashree Kothandaraman
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Florian Kraxner
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Amit Kumar
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Relawan Kuswandi
- Function : Author
Mait Lang
- Function : Author
Michael Lawes
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Rodrigo Leite
- Function : Author
Geoffrey Lentner
- Function : Author
Simon Lewis
- Function : Author
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- ORCID : 0000-0002-8066-6851
Moses Libalah
- Function : Author
Janvier Lisingo
- Function : Author
Pablito Marcelo López-Serrano
- Function : Author
Huicui Lu
- Function : Author
Natalia Lukina
- Function : Author
Anne Mette Lykke
- Function : Author
Vincent Maicher
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Brian Maitner
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Eric Marcon
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Andrew Marshall
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Emanuel Martin
- Function : Author
Olga Martynenko
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Faustin Mbayu
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Musingo Mbuvi
- Function : Author
Jorge Meave
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Cory Merow
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Stanislaw Miscicki
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Vanessa Moreno
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Albert Morera
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Sharif Mukul
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Jörg Müller
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Agustinus Murdjoko
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Maria Guadalupe Nava-Miranda
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Litonga Elias Ndive
- Function : Author
Victor Neldner
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Radovan Nevenic
- Function : Author
Louis Nforbelie
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Michael Ngoh
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Anny N’guessan
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Michael Ngugi
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Alain Ngute
- Function : Author
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Emile Narcisse N. Njila
- Function : Author
Melanie Nyako
- Function : Author
Thomas Ochuodho
- Function : Author
Jacek Oleksyn
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Alain Paquette
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Elena Parfenova
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Minjee Park
- Function : Author
Marc Parren
- Function : Author
Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy
- Function : Author
Sebastian Pfautsch
- Function : Author
Oliver Phillips
- Function : Author
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Maria Piedade
- Function : Author
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Daniel Piotto
- Function : Author
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Martina Pollastrini
- Function : Author
Lourens Poorter
- Function : Author
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John Poulsen
- Function : Author
Axel Dalberg Poulsen
- Function : Author
Hans Pretzsch
- Function : Author
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- IdRef : 196537797
Mirco Rodeghiero
- Function : Author
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Samir Rolim
- Function : Author
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Francesco Rovero
- Function : Author
Ervan Rutishauser
- Function : Author
Khosro Sagheb-Talebi
- Function : Author
Purabi Saikia
- Function : Author
Moses Nsanyi Sainge
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1172746
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1677-3043
Christian Salas-Eljatib
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 821893
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8468-0829
Antonello Salis
- Function : Author
Peter Schall
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 774258
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4808-818X
Dmitry Schepaschenko
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 797394
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7814-4990
Michael Scherer-Lorenzen
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1168034
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9566-590X
- IdRef : 091665817
Bernhard Schmid
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1172747
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8430-3214
Jochen Schöngart
- Function : Author
Vladimír Šebeň
- Function : Author
Giacomo Sellan
- Function : Author
Federico Selvi
- Function : Author
Josep Serra-Diaz
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 170755
- IdHAL : josep-m-serra-diaz
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1988-1154
Douglas Sheil
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1172749
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1166-6591
Anatoly Shvidenko
- Function : Author
Plinio Sist
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1172750
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4565-4417
Alexandre Souza
- Function : Author
Krzysztof Stereńczak
- Function : Author
Martin Sullivan
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1172751
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5955-0483
Somaiah Sundarapandian
- Function : Author
Miroslav Svoboda
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1172752
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4050-3422
Mike Swaine
- Function : Author
Natalia Targhetta
- Function : Author
Nadja Tchebakova
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1172753
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4208-6792
Liam Trethowan
- Function : Author
Robert Tropek
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1172754
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7499-6259
John Tshibamba Mukendi
- Function : Author
Peter Mbanda Umunay
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1172755
- ORCID : 0000-0002-2489-0357
Vladimir Usoltsev
- Function : Author
Gaia Vaglio Laurin
- Function : Author
Riccardo Valentini
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1165009
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6756-5634
Fernando Valladares
- Function : Author
Fons van der Plas
- Function : Author
Daniel José Vega-Nieva
- Function : Author
Hans Verbeeck
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 769850
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1490-0168
Helder Viana
- Function : Author
Alexander Vibrans
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1152076
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8789-5833
Simone Vieira
- Function : Author
Jason Vleminckx
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1172756
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7600-9170
Catherine Waite
- Function : Author
Hua-Feng Wang
- Function : Author
Eric Katembo Wasingya
- Function : Author
Chemuku Wekesa
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1172757
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1341-5507
Bertil Westerlund
- Function : Author
Florian Wittmann
- Function : Author
Verginia Wortel
- Function : Author
Tomasz Zawiła-Niedźwiecki
- Function : Author
Chunyu Zhang
- Function : Author
Xiuhai Zhao
- Function : Author
Jun Zhu
- Function : Author
Xiao Zhu
- Function : Author
Zhi-Xin Zhu
- Function : Author
Irie Zo-Bi
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1172758
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0982-8579
Abstract
The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is one of the most recognized global patterns of species richness exhibited across a wide range of taxa. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed in the past two centuries to explain LDG, but rigorous tests of the drivers of LDGs have been limited by a lack of high-quality global species richness data. Here we produce a high-resolution (0.025° × 0.025°) map of local tree species richness using a global forest inventory database with individual tree information and local biophysical characteristics from ~1.3 million sample plots. We then quantify drivers of local tree species richness patterns across latitudes. Generally, annual mean temperature was a dominant predictor of tree species richness, which is most consistent with the metabolic theory of biodiversity (MTB). However, MTB underestimated LDG in the tropics, where high species richness was also moderated by topographic, soil and anthropogenic factors operating at local scales. Given that local landscape variables operate synergistically with bioclimatic factors in shaping the global LDG pattern, we suggest that MTB be extended to account for co-limitation by subordinate drivers.
Origin | Files produced by the author(s) |
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