Multiple adaptive solutions to face climatic constraints: novel insights in the debate over the role of convergence in local adaptation
Badr Benjelloun
(1, 2)
,
Kevin Leempoel
(3)
,
Frédéric Boyer
(1)
,
Sylvie Stucki
(3)
,
Ian Streeter
(4)
,
Pablo Orozco-Terwengel
(5)
,
Florian Alberto
(2)
,
Bertrand Servin
(6)
,
Filippo Biscarini
,
Adriana Alberti
(7)
,
Stefan Engelen
(7)
,
Alessandra Stella
,
Licia Colli
(8)
,
Eric Coissac
(2)
,
Michael Bruford
(5)
,
Paolo Ajmone-Marsan
(8)
,
Riccardo Negrini
(8)
,
Laura Clarke
(4)
,
Paul Flicek
(4)
,
Abdelkader Chikhi
(1)
,
Stéphane Joost
(3)
,
Pierre Taberlet
(2)
,
François Pompanon
(2)
1
INRA Maroc -
Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Maroc]
2 LECA - Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine
3 LASIG - Laboratoire des Systèmes d'Information Géographique [Lausanne]
4 EMBL-EBI - European Bioinformatics Institute [Hinxton]
5 Cardiff University
6 GenPhySE - Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage
7 GENOSCOPE - Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry]
8 Unicatt - Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore [Milano]
2 LECA - Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine
3 LASIG - Laboratoire des Systèmes d'Information Géographique [Lausanne]
4 EMBL-EBI - European Bioinformatics Institute [Hinxton]
5 Cardiff University
6 GenPhySE - Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage
7 GENOSCOPE - Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry]
8 Unicatt - Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore [Milano]
Badr Benjelloun
- Function : Author
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Kevin Leempoel
- Function : Author
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- ORCID : 0000-0001-7335-7930
Sylvie Stucki
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1277096
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1624-1576
Ian Streeter
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1277097
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4024-3552
Pablo Orozco-Terwengel
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1277098
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7951-4148
Bertrand Servin
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 183571
- IdHAL : bertrand-servin
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5141-0913
- IdRef : 079704646
Filippo Biscarini
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 784186
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3901-2354
Adriana Alberti
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 183113
- IdHAL : adriana-alberti
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3372-9423
Stefan Engelen
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1322751
- IdHAL : sengelen
Alessandra Stella
- Function : Author
Licia Colli
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 800577
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7221-2905
Eric Coissac
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 767160
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7507-6729
- IdRef : 154023213
Paolo Ajmone-Marsan
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 767641
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3165-4579
Riccardo Negrini
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1277099
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8735-0286
Paul Flicek
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 769433
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3897-7955
Stéphane Joost
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1277100
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1184-7501
Pierre Taberlet
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 759735
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3554-5954
- IdRef : 060567376
François Pompanon
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 767159
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4600-0172
- IdRef : 110557964
Abstract
Abstract The extent to which genomic convergence shapes locally adapted phenotypes in different species remains a fundamental question in evolutionary biology. To bring new insights to this debate we set up a framework which aimed to compare the adaptive trajectories of two domesticated mammal species co-distributed in diversified landscapes. We sequenced the genomes of 160 sheep and 161 goats extensively managed along environmental gradients, including temperature, rainfall, seasonality and altitude, to identify genes and biological processes shaping local adaptation. Allele frequencies at adaptive loci were rarely found to vary gradually along environmental gradients, but rather displayed a discontinuous shift at the extremities of environmental clines. Of the more than 430 adaptive genes identified, only 6 were orthologous between sheep and goats and those responded differently to environmental pressures, suggesting different adaptive mechanisms in these two closely related species. Such diversity of adaptive pathways may result from a high number of biological functions involved in adaptation to multiple eco-climatic gradients, and provides more arguments for the role of contingency and stochasticity in adaptation rather than repeatability.