At the most recent census of described lepidopteran taxa in 2021, 1,418 genera and 5,016 species were recognised for the island of Madagascar. However, the species endemism rate, although clearly exceptional for such a large landmass (ca. 600,000 km2), has remained poorly known. That figure is now estimated to exceed 80% in this highly isolated island. Some 28 superfamilies and 83 families of moths and butterflies are known to occur there. Whereas the five superfamilies within Macroheterocera, comprising around 681 genera and at least 2,989 species, are relatively well known, extrapolations of the total fauna suggest well in excess of 10,000 species are present. On BOLD 2,903 COI-5P species clusters (BINs) are publicly available, 2,400 of which are unnamed to species. Malaise trapping is rapidly adding to the number of unidentified BINs; a recent Malaise sample from Andasibe in two seasons containing 1,527 BINs found that less than 20% were Macroheterocera whilst >98% of 510 non-macroheteroceran BINs were novel to BOLD.