The changes of land-occupations, land-uses and land-users in agrarian landscapes are often approached by geographers and agronomists by two types of way: one ex-ante -based on experts knowledge or on modelling-, one ex-post -based on field observations or photographs-. The confrontation of these two types of approaches on one area is not common in spite of its methodological and empirical interests. Indeed, the differences in gaps between expected and observed final characteristics of land-occupation, land-uses and -users allow to distinguish characteristics on their resilience to context changes during the period. Such approach was developed on ten contiguous French communes in a part of the French Massif Central, between a 1987 expected up to 20 years and a 2009 observed situation; the size of the gaps between expected and observed values in 2009 differs according to the characteristics and the communes. As an illustration, the area of the farms land (total, grazed and mown parts /commune) is similar to the expected situation and is stable relatively to the farms density (farms number/commune). The important predicted decrease of the dairy farms number is in fact very various according to the communes. About the use intensity of grasslands, it strongly decreases except for two communes with a stable value. Afterwards, the resilience conditions of these landscape characteristics were searched. Specificities of land-occupation, uses and users in 1987 in some communes were identified and linked to stable characteristics of the landscape. This type of analysis is useful for distinguishing the elements and conditions for landscapes preservation in the middle term in mountain regions.