The concept of failure is one of the most debated in soil mechanics, for two reasons essentially. First, this is a crucial issue in the engineering of structures and geotechnical project design. Second, this is still a challenging academic issue mobilizing significant scientific interest in the development of a unique framework to describe the different failure modes. In this respect, this paper revisits the localized failure mode, replacing the well-known Rice criterion within the wider context of bifurcation. Considering a micro-mechanical model, the main theoretical results are covered. In particular, it is established that localized failure is a particular case of failures observed within the so-called bifurcation domain: the incremental strain within the localization band is associated with a vanishing value of the second-order work.