The general objective of the ECHIBIOTEB research program (“Innovating tools for sampling, chemical and biological analyses for the diagnosis of wastewater advanced tertiary treatments and sludge treatments”, 2011-2014, financed by the French National Research Agency, coordinated by Irstea) is to use innovative and complementary tools to characterize the efficiency of water advanced treatments and sludge treatments in wastewater treatment plant. To achieve this goal, various strategies were combined: chemical analysis of a large panel of selected priority and emerging contaminants, non-target chemical analysis, in vitro and in vivo biological analysis and innovating sampling tools such as integrative samplers (e.g. POCIS (Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler) and SPMD (Semi-Permeable Membrane Device)). Our presentation will focus on results on the chemical analyses of selected molecules and non-target analysis. Until today, 11 sampling campaigns, 8 for water and 3 for sludge, have been conducted. Among the potential treatments used for advanced (or tertiary) water treatments, ozone (O3), Granular Activated Carbon (GAC), O3 + GAC, ozone peroxide (H2O2) and UV/H2O2 were studied in full scale or large scale pilot design, located on the outlet of secondary biological treatments. For sludge treatments, solar dryer, compost and reed-bed filter were tested. A total of 138 contaminants belonging to pharmaceuticals, oestrogenic hormones, alkylphenols (AkP), Endocrine Disruptor Compounds (EDC), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) and pesticides were measured in the dissolved phase of water samples; and 113 contaminants, belonging to pharmaceuticals, oestrogenic hormones, AkP, EDC, organochlorine pesticides, PAH, PCB (PolyChloroBiphenyl) and PBDE (PolyBrominated DiphenylEthers) were measured in sludge samples. After extraction by adapted methods such as Liquid-Liquid Extraction, Solid Phase Extraction or Solid Phase MicroExtraction for waters, and Accelerated Solvent Extraction or microwave extraction for sludge, molecules were analysed by gas (GC) or liquid phase chromatography coupled with single or tandem mass spectrometry. Non-target analysis were realised with two-dimensional GC coupled to Time Of Flight mass spectrometer. For most of the compounds, targeted analysis showed a significant reduction in contaminant concentration in the dissolved phase of water after all tested treatments. Indeed, pharmaceuticals and AkP were efficiently eliminated with concentrations in effluents respectively about 100 and 10 times lower than in influents. In contrast, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) and glyphosate were not eliminated at all from secondary wastewaters. Many of the selected compounds are refractory to conventional secondary treatments; nonetheless, we demonstrated that they can be efficiently removed thanks to selected advanced tertiary treatments. In the presentation, we will discuss which treatment seems to be the most efficient to eliminate the selected compounds. Depending on the process and the contaminant class, concentrations in raw and treated sludge varied widely. Non-target analyses of 3 different sludge samples allowed to obtain a list of 190 molecules of interest, among which some nitrogen heterocyclic compounds as potential emerging contaminants. Further investigations are needed, especially combining chemical with biological analysis, to determine which compounds among these 190 would be the most relevant to be considered in environmental studies.