Governance Across Multiple Levels of Agri-environmental Measures in France
Gouvernance multi-niveaux des mesures agri-environnementales en France
Résumé
The notion of ecosystem services appeared late in France, which has been reluctant to adopt this idea, choosing instead to defend the concept of the multifunctionality of agriculture. The French position is analysed considering the emergence and then the removal of multifunctionality in the international agenda for agricultural negotiations, followed by the rise of ecosystem services (services provided by ecosystems to society) and environmental services (produced by actors). These trends are reflected by the French agri-environmental measures: A sense of acknowledging and valuing the multifunctionality of agriculture for the management, at the margin, of environmental issues in agricultural policy