The use of pesticides in agricultural fields leads to nonpoint source contamination of freshwaters by various pathways (runoff, infiltration, lateral flows…). Different research programs have been developed to study and explain these transfer mechanisms. They required specific sampling strategies for each compartment of the aquatic environments. Passive sampling has been introduced as an alternative to grab or average automated sampling, in order to obtain at lower cost, more realistic estimates of the contamination levels of pesticides in water. This technique allows the in situ accumulation of chemicals over exposition periods ranging from days to months. Silicone rods, investigated in this work, are single-use and low cost new passive samplers. Extraction and quantification of pesticides from silicone rods were performed by liquid desorption followed by UHPLC-MS/MS. The nature and mass of pesticides sorbed on in situ exposed silicone rods can be used as qualitative and semi-quantitative measures to assess trends or gradients of contamination at different scales: from plots to rivers or watersheds. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of silicone rods as a passive sampling technique in different water bodies and to assess their benefits for the monitoring of pesticides and metabolites with various physico-chemical properties. Firstly, silicone rods have been exposed during one month (four exposition periods of one week) in a river located in a vineyard watershed with a marked pesticide contamination. Fifteen pesticides, mainly fungicides, were sorbed on silicone rods, but also insecticides that could not be detected in parallel grab samples. A strong gradient of contamination was clearly shown according to the increase of land use. Contamination reaches a maximum in the second week corresponding to a rainy period after a dry one. A second application of silicone rods consisted in their deployment inside a network of piezometers in an instrumented vineyard plot to evaluate the spatial propagation of pesticide contamination during a rainfall event. Silicone rods allowed for the qualitative detection of seventeen pesticides from different families and origins. The spatial dispersion of pesticides highlighted a strong axial subsurface transfer following the slope of the plot. The comparison of upslope and downslope masses of pesticides sorbed on the rods permitted to discriminate the behaviour of the pesticides either in controlled conditions (for pesticides injected during a simulation event) or in natural conditions (for pesticides applied on the plot by the farmer). We illustrated here that sensitive passive samplers can now be considered as an alternative or complement to grab sampling to improve the monitoring of pesticides in aquatic environments by integrating pesticide concentration variations over exposition periods.