The La Crau steppe area (southeastern France) has suffered from reduction and fragmentation of 80% of its initial surface mostly in the last century. Among the anthropogenic activities, an industrial orchard of 357ha, set up in 1987, was abandoned in 2006 and rehabilitated into a Mediterranean rangeland in 2009 for bird conservation purposes. Three experimental restoration treatments (hay transfer, nurse species seeding and soil transfer) were also tested at the same time in order to restore the pre-existing steppe plant communities. Here, we aimed to assess the effect of ecological rehabilitation and restoration treatments on insects (Coleoptera – Orthoptera). Seven areas were considered: the reference steppe, the three experimental restoration treatments, the rehabilitated area itself, the control and the edge between the steppe and the former industrial orchard area. Coleoptera were sampled with pitfall traps for 3 years (2011-2013). Orthoptera were captured with a sweep net for 4 years (2010-2013). Positive effects of soil transfer and nurse species seeding were measured for Coleoptera whereas strong differences in composition remained between the steppe and the various assessed areas. For Orthoptera, no significant differences were measured between control and reference steppe indicating that restoration did not significantly accelerate natural colonization. These results show the importance of considering several taxonomic groups for restoration success assessment.