Lime treatment is a well-known technique of earthworks, for earthworks execution, soil improvement and stabilization. Its applications are mainly roads, railways, airports and platforms construction. In addition, some positive past experiences of lime treatment were related to solve erosion problems of dispersive and non-cohesive soil in hydraulic structures. The interest of the dams and dikes community regarding this technique is currently growing. During the last decade, the benefits of lime treatment according appropriate treatment technologies were shown at the laboratory and on site. This communication deals with the performance reached by lime treated soils and associated design requirements and application. It reviews the most significant recent results in terms of improved mechanical strength, resistance to internal erosion and resistance to surface erosion. It is still unusual to evaluate the resistance of a dam or dike to overflowing. We present the results of the overflowing test campaign carried out in 2018 on three earth structures, which compares the surface erosion resistance of treated and untreated soil. The last part of the paper deals with the dikes and dams design perspectives opened by soil treatment. These results are analysed in the light of the reassessment of the consequences of climate change on hydrology, and the assessment of floods, leading to unplanned overflows during the design phase