Central venous catheters (CVCs) provide a great comfort for hospitalized children. However, CVCs increase the risk of severe infection. As there are few data regarding pediatric epidemiology of catheter-related infections (CRIs), the main objective of this study was to measure the incidence rate of CRIs in our pediatric university hospital. We also sought to characterize the CRIs and to identify risk factors. We conducted an epidemiological prospective monocentric study including all CVCs, except Port-a-Caths and arterial catheters, inserted in children from birth to 18 years of age between April 2015 and March 2016 in the pediatric University Hospital of Nantes. Our main focus was the incidence rate of CRIs, defined according to French guidelines, while distinguishing between bloodstream infections (CRBIs) and non-bloodstream infections (CRIWBs). The incidence rate was also described for each pediatric ward. We analyzed the association between infection and potential risk factors using univariate and multivariate analysis by Cox regression. We included 793 CVCs with 60 CRBIs and four CRIWBs. The incidence rate was 4.6/1000 catheter-days, with the highest incidence rate occurring in the neonatal intensive care unit (13.7/1000 catheter-days). Coagulase-negative staphylococci were responsible for 77.5% of the CRIs. Factors independently associated with a higher risk of infection in neonates were invasive ventilation and low gestational age. The incidence of CRIs in children hospitalized in our institution appears to be higher than the typical rate of CRIs reported in the literature. This was particularly true for neonates. These results should lead us to reinforce preventive measures and antibiotic stewardship but they also raise the difficulty of diagnosing with certainty CRIs in neonates.