Development and worldwide use of non-lethal, and minimal population-level impact, protocols for the isolation of amphibian chytrid fungi
Matthew C. Fisher
(1)
,
Pria Ghosh
(2, 1)
,
Jennifer M. G. Shelton
(1)
,
Kieran Bates
(1)
,
Lola Brookes
(3)
,
Claudia Wierzbicki
(1)
,
Goncalo M. Rosa
(4, 3)
,
Rhys A. Farrer
(1)
,
David M. Aanensen
(5, 1)
,
Mario Alvarado-Rybak
(6)
,
Arnaud Bataille
(7, 8)
,
Lee Berger
(9)
,
Susanne Boell
(10)
,
Jaime Bosch
(11)
,
Frances C. Clare
(1)
,
Elodie A Courtois
(12)
,
Angelica Crottini
(13)
,
Andrew A. Cunningham
(3)
,
Thomas M. Doherty-Bone
(14)
,
Fikirte Gebresenbet
(15)
,
David J. Gower
(16)
,
Jacob Höglund
(17)
,
Timothy Y. James
(18)
,
Thomas S. Jenkinson
(18)
,
Tiffany A. Kosch
(8, 9)
,
Carolina Lambertini
(19)
,
Anssi Laurila
(17)
,
Chun-Fu Lin
(20)
,
Adeline Loyau
(21, 22)
,
An Martel
(23)
,
Sara Meurling
(17)
,
Claude Miaud
(24)
,
Pete Minting
(25)
,
Serge Ndriantsoa
(26)
,
Simon J. O'Hanlon
(1, 3)
,
Frank Pasmans
(23)
,
Tsanta Rakotonanahary
(26)
,
Falitiana C. E. Rabemananjara
(27, 26)
,
Luisa P. Ribeiro
(19)
,
Dirk S. Schmeller
(21, 22)
,
Benedikt R. Schmidt
(28, 29)
,
Lee Skerratt
(9)
,
Freya Smith
(30)
,
Claudio Soto-Azat
(6)
,
Giulia Tessa
(31)
,
Luis Felipe Toledo
(19)
,
Andres Valenzuela-Sanchez
(32, 6)
,
Ruhan Verster
(2)
,
Judit Voeroes
(33)
,
Bruce Waldman
(8)
,
Rebecca J. Webb
(9)
,
Che Weldon
(2)
,
Emma Wombwell
(3)
,
Kelly R. Zamudio
(34)
,
Joyce E. Longcore
(35)
,
Trenton W. J. Garner
(2, 31, 3)
1
Imperial College London
2 Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management
3 Institut of Zoology
4 ULISBOA - Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon
5 Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance
6 UNAB - Universidad Andrés Bello [Santiago]
7 UMR ASTRE - Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes
8 SNU - Seoul National University [Seoul]
9 JCU - James Cook University
10 Agency for Population Ecology and Nature Conservancy
11 MNCN - Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid]
12 CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
13 Universidade do Porto = University of Porto
14 Royal Zoological Society of Scotland
15 OSU - Oklahoma State University [Stillwater]
16 Natural History Museum
17 EBC - Department of Ecology and Genetics [Uppsala]
18 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
19 UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas
20 Endemic Species Research Institute
21 LEFE - Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement
22 UFZ - Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research
23 UGENT - Universiteit Gent = Ghent University
24 CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive
25 Amphibian and Reptile Conservation
26 Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust
27 International Union for Conservation of Nature
28 IEU - Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies
29 UNINE - Université de Neuchâtel = University of Neuchatel
30 APHA - Animal and Plant Health Agency [Addlestone, UK]
31 Non-profit Association Zirichiltaggi - Sardinia Wildlife Conservation
32 ONG Ranita de Darwin
33 Hungarian Natural History Museum
34 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
35 University of Maine
2 Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management
3 Institut of Zoology
4 ULISBOA - Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon
5 Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance
6 UNAB - Universidad Andrés Bello [Santiago]
7 UMR ASTRE - Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes
8 SNU - Seoul National University [Seoul]
9 JCU - James Cook University
10 Agency for Population Ecology and Nature Conservancy
11 MNCN - Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid]
12 CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
13 Universidade do Porto = University of Porto
14 Royal Zoological Society of Scotland
15 OSU - Oklahoma State University [Stillwater]
16 Natural History Museum
17 EBC - Department of Ecology and Genetics [Uppsala]
18 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
19 UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas
20 Endemic Species Research Institute
21 LEFE - Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement
22 UFZ - Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research
23 UGENT - Universiteit Gent = Ghent University
24 CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive
25 Amphibian and Reptile Conservation
26 Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust
27 International Union for Conservation of Nature
28 IEU - Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies
29 UNINE - Université de Neuchâtel = University of Neuchatel
30 APHA - Animal and Plant Health Agency [Addlestone, UK]
31 Non-profit Association Zirichiltaggi - Sardinia Wildlife Conservation
32 ONG Ranita de Darwin
33 Hungarian Natural History Museum
34 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
35 University of Maine
Matthew C. Fisher
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David M. Aanensen
- Fonction : Auteur
Arnaud Bataille
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 800749
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3508-2144
Angelica Crottini
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 762454
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8505-3050
- IdRef : 235612413
Adeline Loyau
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 846368
Andres Valenzuela-Sanchez
- Fonction : Auteur
Résumé
Parasitic chytrid fungi have emerged as a significant threat to amphibian species worldwide, necessitating the development of techniques to isolate these pathogens into culture for research purposes. However, early methods of isolating chytrids from their hosts relied on killing amphibians. We modified a pre-existing protocol for isolating chytrids from infected animals to use toe clips and biopsies from toe webbing rather than euthanizing hosts, and distributed the protocol to researchers as part of the BiodivERsA project RACE; here called the RML protocol. In tandem, we developed a lethal procedure for isolating chytrids from tadpole mouthparts. Reviewing a database of use a decade after their inception, we find that these methods have been applied across 5 continents, 23 countries and in 62 amphibian species. Isolation of chytrids by the non-lethal RML protocol occured in 18% of attempts with 207 fungal isolates and three species of chytrid being recovered. Isolation of chytrids from tadpoles occured in 43% of attempts with 334 fungal isolates of one species (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) being recovered. Together, these methods have resulted in a significant reduction and refinement of our use of threatened amphibian species and have improved our ability to work with this group of emerging pathogens.
Domaines
Biologie animale
Origine : Fichiers éditeurs autorisés sur une archive ouverte
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