Essential long chain v-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as a-linolenic acid (ALA) and its derivatives, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are involved in the growth and function of nervous tissue as structural components of the neuronal membrane. The maternal intake of v-3 fatty acid during pregnancy and breastfeeding must come from non-animal sources free from dioxins and heavy metals to ensure the normal development of the neural structures of infants. Various lead sources were consulted, including scientific reviews, studies with animal models, cellular assays and clinical trials in the following data bases: PubMed central (PMC)-NBCI, Elsevier Journal, Scielo España, Scirus and Science Direct, in order to assess the potential effect of algae, fungi, marine bacteria and other vegetarian sources of v-3 fatty acids on the neural development of infant.