Large-scale spatio-temporal monitoring highlights hotspots of demersal fish diversity in the Mediterranean sea
Victoria Granger
(1)
,
Jean-Marc Fromentin
(2)
,
Nicolas Bez
(3)
,
Giulio Relini
(4)
,
Christine Meynard
(5, 6)
,
Jean-Claude Gaertner
(3)
,
Porzia Maiorano
(7)
,
Cristina Garcia Ruiz
(8)
,
Cristina Follesa
(9)
,
Michele Gristina
(10)
,
Panagiota Peristeraki
(11)
,
Anik Brind'Amour
(2)
,
Pierluigi Carbonara
(12)
,
Charis Charilaou
(13)
,
Antonio Esteban
(14)
,
Angelique Jadaud
(2)
,
Aleksandar Joksimovic
(15)
,
Argyris Kallianiotis
(16)
,
Jerina Kolitari
(17)
,
Chiara Manfredi
(18)
,
Enric Massuti
(19)
,
Roberta Mifsud
(20)
,
Antoni Quetglas
(21)
,
Wahid Refes
(22)
,
Mario Sbrana
(23)
,
Nedo Vrgoc
(24)
,
Maria Teresa Spedicato
(12)
,
Bastien Mérigot
(25)
1
UM -
Université de Montpellier
2 IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer
3 IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement
4 Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo'
5 UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations
6 VIMS - Virginia Institute of Marine Science
7 Department of Biology
8 Centro Oceanografico de Malaga
9 UniCa - Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari
10 CNR - National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
11 HCMR - Hellenic Centre for Marine Research
12 COISPA Technologia y Ricerca
13 Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Ressources and Environment
14 Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia
15 UCG - University of Montenegro
16 NAGREF - National Agricultural Research Foundation
17 Agricultural University of Tirana
18 UNIBO - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna = University of Bologna
19 Centro Oceanográfico de les Balears
20 Ministry for Sustainable Development, Environment and Climate Change
21 IEO - Instituto Español de Oceanografía - Spanish Institute of Oceanography
22 ESSMAL - Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences de la Mer et de l'Aménagement du Littoral
23 C.I.B.M. - Centro Interuniversitario di Biologia Marina ed Ecologia Applicata
24 Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
25 UM2 - Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques
2 IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer
3 IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement
4 Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo'
5 UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations
6 VIMS - Virginia Institute of Marine Science
7 Department of Biology
8 Centro Oceanografico de Malaga
9 UniCa - Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari
10 CNR - National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
11 HCMR - Hellenic Centre for Marine Research
12 COISPA Technologia y Ricerca
13 Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Ressources and Environment
14 Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia
15 UCG - University of Montenegro
16 NAGREF - National Agricultural Research Foundation
17 Agricultural University of Tirana
18 UNIBO - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna = University of Bologna
19 Centro Oceanográfico de les Balears
20 Ministry for Sustainable Development, Environment and Climate Change
21 IEO - Instituto Español de Oceanografía - Spanish Institute of Oceanography
22 ESSMAL - Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences de la Mer et de l'Aménagement du Littoral
23 C.I.B.M. - Centro Interuniversitario di Biologia Marina ed Ecologia Applicata
24 Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
25 UM2 - Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques
Jean-Marc Fromentin
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1267770
- IdHAL : jean-marc-fromentin
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1496-4332
Nicolas Bez
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1200140
- IdHAL : bez-nicolas
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3526-671X
Christine Meynard
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1206888
- IdHAL : cnmeynard
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5983-6289
Résumé
Increasing human pressures and global environmental change may severely affect the diversity of species assemblages and associated ecosystem services. Despite the recent interest in phylogenetic and functional diversity, our knowledge on large spatio-temporal patterns of demersal fish diversity sampled by trawling remains still incomplete, notably in the Mediterranean Sea, one of the most threatened marine regions of the world. We investigated large spatio-temporal diversity patterns by analysing a dataset of 19,886 hauls from 10 to 800 m depth performed annually during the last two decades by standardised scientific bottom trawl field surveys across the Mediterranean Sea, within the MEDITS program. A multicomponent (eight diversity indices) and multi-scale (local assemblages, biogeographic regions to basins) approach indicates that only the two most traditional components (species richness and evenness) were sufficient to reflect patterns in taxonomic, phylogenetic or functional richness and divergence. We also put into question the use of widely computed indices that allow comparing directly taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity within a unique mathematical framework. In addition, demersal fish assemblages sampled by trawl do not follow a continuous decreasing longitudinal/latitudinal diversity gradients (spatial effects explained up to 70.6% of deviance in regression tree and generalised linear models), for any of the indices and spatial scales analysed. Indeed, at both local and regional scales species richness was relatively high in the Iberian region, Malta, the Eastern Ionian and Aegean seas, meanwhile the Adriatic Sea and Cyprus showed a relatively low level. In contrast, evenness as well as taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional divergences did not show regional hotspots. All studied diversity components remained stable over the last two decades. Overall, our results highlight the need to use complementary diversity indices through different spatial scales when developing conservation strategies and defining delimitations for protected areas.