RNA interference in Lepidoptera: An overview of successful and unsuccessful studies and implications for experimental design
2 University of Exeter
3 CSIRO - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Australia]
4 University of Bath [Bath]
5 GW - The George Washington University
6 UGent - Universiteit Gent = Ghent University = Université de Gand
7 CDFD - Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics
8 Dept Plant Biol & Biotechnol
9 Kansas State University
10 Diversité, Génomes et Interactions Microorganismes-Insectes
11 Dept Entomol.
12 UW - Uniwersytet Warszawski [Polska] = University of Warsaw [Poland] = Université de Varsovie [Pologne]
13 UNAM - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico
14 UM2 - Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques
15 Res Sch Biol
16 UV - Universitat de València = University of Valencia = Universidade de Valencia
17 WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]
18 AAFC - Agriculture and Agri-Food
19 U of S - University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon, Canada]
20 Stockholm University
21 ELTE - Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem = Eötvös Loránd University [Budapest]
22 UTokyo - The University of Tokyo
23 TMU - Tokyo Metropolitan University [Tokyo]
24 AIST - National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
25 Plant & Food Research
26 OSU - Oregon State University
27 UCPH - Københavns Universitet = University of Copenhagen = Université de Copenhague
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Résumé
Gene silencing through RNA interference (RNAi) has revolutionized the study of gene function, particularly in non-model insects. However, in Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) RNAi has many times proven to be difficult to achieve. Most of the negative results have been anecdotal and the positive experiments have not been collected in such a way that they are possible to analyze. In this review, we have collected detailed data from more than 150 experiments including all to date published and many unpublished experiments. Despite a large variation in the data, trends that are found are that RNAi is particularly successful in the family Saturniidae and in genes involved in immunity. On the contrary, gene expression in epidermal tissues seems to be most difficult to silence. In addition, gene silencing by feeding dsRNA requires high concentrations for success. Possible causes for the variability of success in RNAi experiments in Lepidoptera are discussed. The review also points to a need to further investigate the mechanism of RNAi in lepidopteran insects and its possible connection to the innate immune response. Our general understanding of RNAi in Lepidoptera will be further aided in the future as our public database at http://insectacentral.org/RNAi will continue to gather information on RNAi experiments. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.