The common-bean often faces phosphorus deficiency in soils where it is grown. Such a deficiency is a major limitation to yield improvement, especially as the common-bean depends upon nitrogen fixation. Screening for symbiotic nitrogen fixation under phosphorus deficiency was performed with 33 common-bean accessions representing the diversity of 15 European market classes from the Iberian Peninsula. These accessions were inoculated with Rhizobium tropici CIAT899 and grown in an aerated nitrogen-free nutrient solution at deficient versus sufficient phosphorous supplies (75 vs. 250 µmol plant-1 week-1) in a glasshouse. A large variability in N2-dependent growth under P deficiency was found with most tolerance to P deficiency among late type IV Andean landraces, with the exception of 3 early type I Andean landraces. From this screening four contrasting landraces were selected for their high efficiency in the use of P for their symbiotic N nutrition, and compared with the cultivar Linex in fields of a reference production area over 3 years. The landraces from the Iberian Peninsula expressed a higher growth than the cultivar Linex, although they showed a lower nodulation. We hypothesize that the identified P tolerance among Iberian Peninsula accessions may be useful for improving symbiotic nitrogen fixation in the common-bean when growth is limited by available soil-P and could contribute, to sustainable farming systems by reducing farmers' dependence on fertilizers.