The present-day studies in the field of systematics and phylogeny of microorganisms, fungi, in particular, are characterized by a wide use of new approaches and methods of molecular biology. The use of a diversity of genetic markers permits a distinct differentiation of closely related species into individual evolutionarily independent lines. It is shown in this work that all Microbotryum violaceum s. l. isolates studied by us are divided into five evolutionary groups according to the host plant.