The decline of Mexican agriculture began with the economic liberalization process and accelerated with the entry into effect of NAFTA. However, the trade agreement did not produce the catastrophic results foreseen for various reasons: the fall in agricultural relative prices was partially compensated by, both the duplication of the volume of remittances sent by emigrants , and the renewal of public interventions in rural areas, through focalized, segmented programs. On the other hand, some agricultural areas succeeded in entering the North American market, concealing the lag of the rest. Nevertheless, there is a growing gap between the regions that have succeeded in adaptating to the change (north and west of the country) and those than live increasingly from poverty reduction and social welfare policies (part of the center and south of the territory). Moreover, the analysis of public transfers distribution shows that public interventions contribute to reinforce structural gaps as well as they help reduce the social effects of the liberalization process.