Brassica spp. are the most widespread vegetable crops in Nepal, accounting for 26% of the total area given over to vegetables. During autumn 2009, a devastating disease damaged Brassica crops in 12 different fields of Parsapur, Sitapur of Banke, Motipur, Belawa of Bardia and Rampur, Chandanpur of Dang districts in the Rapti zone (Nepal), resulting in 55-65% yield losses. V-shaped necrotic lesions with blackened veins were observed on the edge of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) leaves, from which bacteria were isolated and purified on yeast dextrose CaCO3 (YDC) medium after streaking and incubation at 28±1°C for 48 h. Twenty isolates were identified as Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc). All grew at 36°C, were aesculin positive, produced H2S from peptone and acid from arabinose, galactose, trehalose and maltose. Isolates were further streaked on Fieldhouse-Sasser media (Fukui et al., 1994) to observe growth. Pathogenicity was ascertained on 1-month-old cabbage and cauliflower by spraying 10 healthy potted plants (108 CFU/ml) per isolate/host in a greenhouse.A known bacterial strain (CFBP 1119) and sterile distilled water were used as positive and negative controls respectively. All strains caused symptoms similar to those observed in the field within a week. Bacteria re-isolated from the necrotic lesions proved identical to the original strains. A 1339 bp region of the 16S rDNA from all strains was amplified and sequenced (GenBank accession No. GU373652, strain NEP XCC10). A BlastN search revealed that almost all strains had 99% identity with the 16S rDNA sequence of Xcc type strains available in databases. Xcc had previously been reported from the central region of Nepal (Adhikari and Basnyat, 1999; Jensen et al., 2010) but this is believed to be the first record in the country’s midwestern region.