Rhabdoviruses, mainly in rainbow trout, are among the most devastating viruses forworldwide aquaculture.To date no effective treatments to fight against these viruses are available. During the past years, several approaches to develop efficient vaccines have been undertaken such as the use of immunogenic recombinant viral proteins, naked DNA or inactivated viruses. However, although these vaccines have been proven to be very effective on a small scale, they have never been used in the field because the vaccines would have to be injected into thousands of yearling trouts. The only alternative to injection consists of the development of attenuated live vaccines that can be administrated to trouts by bath immersion. Reverse genetics on trout rhabdoviruses offer the possibility of recovering a series of live recombinant viruses in which the viral genome has been irreversibly modified to generate cost-effective live, safe vaccines.