The genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes three close homologues of the Escherichia coli 2′‐O‐rRNA methyltransferase FtsJ/RrmJ, designated Trm7p, Spb1p and Mrm2p. We present evidence that Trm7p methylates the 2′‐O‐ribose of nucleotides at positions 32 and 34 of the tRNA anticodon loop, both in vivo and in vitro. In a trm7Δ strain, which is viable but grows slowly, translation is impaired, thus indicating that these tRNA modifications could be important for translation efficiency. We discuss the emergence of a family of three 2′‐O‐RNA methyltransferases in Eukaryota and one in Prokaryota from a common ancestor. We propose that each eukaryotic enzyme is located in a different cell compartment, in which it would methylate a different RNA that can adopt a very similar secondary structure.