Essential Bacillus subtilis genes.
K Kobayashi
(1)
,
S. D. Ehrlich
(2)
,
A Albertini
(3)
,
G Amati
(3)
,
K. K. Andersen
(4)
,
M. Arnaud
(5)
,
K. Asai
(6)
,
S. Ashikaga
(7)
,
Stephane Aymerich
(8)
,
Philippe Bessieres
(9)
,
F. Boland
(10)
,
S. C. Brignell
(11)
,
S. Bron
(12)
,
K. Bunai
(13)
,
Jérôme Chapuis
(2)
,
L. C. Christiansen
(14)
,
A. Danchin
(15)
,
Michel Debarbouille
(5)
,
Etienne Dervyn
(2)
,
E. Deuerling
(16)
,
K. Devine
(4)
,
S. K. Devine
(4)
,
O Dreesen
(15)
,
J. Errington
(17)
,
S. Fillinger
(11)
,
S. J. Foster
(10)
,
Y. Fujita
(18)
,
A. Galizzi
(3)
,
Rozenn Gardan
(5)
,
C Eschevins
(12)
,
T. Fukushima
(19)
,
K. Haga
(20)
,
C. R. Harwood
(11)
,
M. Hecker
(21)
,
D. Hosoya
(22)
,
M. F. Hullo
(15)
,
H. Kakeshita
(13)
,
D. Karamata
(23)
,
Y. Kasahara
(1)
,
F. Kawamura
(7)
,
K. Koga
(7)
,
P. Koski
(24)
,
R. Kuwana
(25)
,
D. Imamura
(22)
,
M. Ishimaru
(22)
,
S. Ishikawa
(19)
,
I. Ishio
(18)
,
Dominique Le Coq
(8)
,
A. Masson
(26)
,
C. Mauël
(23)
,
R. Meima
(12)
,
R. P. Mellado
,
A. Moir
(10)
,
S. Moriya
(1)
,
E. Nagakawa
(18)
,
H. Nanamiya
(7)
,
S. Nakai
(1)
,
P. Nygaard
(14)
,
M. Ogura
(27)
,
T. Ohanan
(16)
,
M O'Reilly
(4)
,
M O'Rourke
(10)
,
Zoltan Pragai
(11)
,
H. M. Pooley
(23)
,
G. Rapoport
(5)
,
J. P. Rawlins
(17)
,
L A. Rivas
,
C. Rivolta
(23)
,
A. Sadaie
(20)
,
Y. Sadaie
(6)
,
M. Sarvas
(24)
,
T. Sato
(22)
,
H H Saxild
(14)
,
E. Scanlan
(4)
,
W. Schumann
(16)
,
J. F. M. L. Seegers
(26)
,
J. Sekiguchi
(19)
,
A. Sekowska
(15)
,
S. J. Séror
(26)
,
M. Simon
(28)
,
P. Stragier
(28)
,
R. Studer
(23)
,
H. Takamatsu
(25)
,
T. Tanaka
(27)
,
M. Takeuchi
(22)
,
H. B. Thomaides
(17)
,
Valérie Vagner
(2)
,
J. M. van Dijl
(12)
,
K. Watabe
(25)
,
A. Wipat
(11)
,
H. Yamamoto
(19)
,
M. Yamamoto
(18)
,
Y. Yamamoto
(18)
,
K. Yamane
(13)
,
K. Yata
(29)
,
K Yoshida
(18)
,
H. Yoshikawa
(20)
,
U. Zuber
(21)
,
N. Ogasawara
(1)
1
Graduate School of Information Science
2 UGM - Unité de recherche Génétique Microbienne
3 UNIPV - Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia
4 Trinity College Dublin
5 Biochimie Microbienne
6 Saitama University
7 Rikkyo University [Tokyo]
8 UGMC - Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire
9 MIG - Unité Mathématique Informatique et Génome
10 University of Sheffield
11 Newcastle University [Newcastle]
12 University of Groningen [Groningen]
13 Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba
14 Institute of Molecular Biology
15 Génétique des Génomes Bactériens
16 University of Bayreuth
17 University of Oxford
18 Fukuyama University
19 Shinshu University
20 Department of Bioscience
21 Institut für Mikrobiologie - Institute for Microbiology
22 TUAT - Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
23 IGBM - Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Microbiennes
24 National Public Health Institute
25 Setsunan University
26 IGM - Institut de génétique et microbiologie [Orsay]
27 Tokai University School of Medicine
28 IBPC (FR_550) - Institut de biologie physico-chimique
29 Radioisotope Center
2 UGM - Unité de recherche Génétique Microbienne
3 UNIPV - Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia
4 Trinity College Dublin
5 Biochimie Microbienne
6 Saitama University
7 Rikkyo University [Tokyo]
8 UGMC - Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire
9 MIG - Unité Mathématique Informatique et Génome
10 University of Sheffield
11 Newcastle University [Newcastle]
12 University of Groningen [Groningen]
13 Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba
14 Institute of Molecular Biology
15 Génétique des Génomes Bactériens
16 University of Bayreuth
17 University of Oxford
18 Fukuyama University
19 Shinshu University
20 Department of Bioscience
21 Institut für Mikrobiologie - Institute for Microbiology
22 TUAT - Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
23 IGBM - Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Microbiennes
24 National Public Health Institute
25 Setsunan University
26 IGM - Institut de génétique et microbiologie [Orsay]
27 Tokai University School of Medicine
28 IBPC (FR_550) - Institut de biologie physico-chimique
29 Radioisotope Center
Etienne Dervyn
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 748698
- IdHAL : etienne-dervyn
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7732-9491
S. Fillinger
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 180195
- IdHAL : sabine-fillinger
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4683-0803
- IdRef : 126838445
Rozenn Gardan
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 747850
- IdHAL : rozenn-gardan
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3150-8555
- IdRef : 167066277
Y. Kasahara
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 756459
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9304-8235
Dominique Le Coq
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 748925
- IdHAL : dominique-le-coq
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5756-2280
R. P. Mellado
- Fonction : Auteur
L A. Rivas
- Fonction : Auteur
M. Simon
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 173897
- IdHAL : simon-marsan
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4914-522X
T. Tanaka
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 756461
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4383-0368
Résumé
To estimate the minimal gene set required to sustain bacterial life in nutritious conditions, we carried out a systematic inactivation of Bacillus subtilis genes. Among approximately 4,100 genes of the organism, only 192 were shown to be indispensable by this or previous work. Another 79 genes were predicted to be essential. The vast majority of essential genes were categorized in relatively few domains of cell metabolism, with about half involved in information processing, one-fifth involved in the synthesis of cell envelope and the determination of cell shape and division, and one-tenth related to cell energetics. Only 4% of essential genes encode unknown functions. Most essential genes are present throughout a wide range of Bacteria, and almost 70% can also be found in Archaea and Eucarya. However, essential genes related to cell envelope, shape, division, and respiration tend to be lost from bacteria with small genomes. Unexpectedly, most genes involved in the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway are essential. Identification of unknown and unexpected essential genes opens research avenues to better understanding of processes that sustain bacterial life.