Extending the network of strict forest reserves is one of the conservation measures promoted by the French National Strategy for Biodiversity improvement. According to the scientific literature, strict forest reserves may help preserving a part of the biodiversity that is threatened by forest management. However, this management choice is based on poor knowledge in the French context and the studies concerned may suffer from methodological shortcomings. The national-scale project named "Forest management, Naturalness and Biodiversity" aims at quantifying the effects on forest structure and biodiversity of management abandonment in the strict reserves. Based on a worldwide meta-analysis and 213 study plots set up in 15 forest sites throughout France, we analyzed the response of 7 taxonomic groups to management abandonment. On the one hand, we show that forest management affects total richness of saproxylic taxa worldwide. On the other hand, this trend is verified on our national dataset. However, management abandonment per se is not always the best explanation of the differences between managed and unmanaged forests, but other variables, notably linked to deadwood, better explain the observed patterns for these groups. For the other taxa, the response is weakest but depends more on structural features than on management abandonment. In terms of policy, our project has allowed methodological advances thanks to the development of inventory and remote sensing protocols, as well as statistical methods. The dataset we have gathered is also a first comparison of structure and biodiversity between strict forest reserves and managed forest for France. This network may therefore constitute a first basis for long term biodiversity monitoring in French forests.