Agroecology applied to livestock systems calls for interdisciplinary research to unlock barriers to sustainable livestock farming practices. In ruminant systems one barrier is the trade-offs between grazing, animal health, and anthelmintic resistance. Grazing allows for reducing feeding inputs but exposes animals to gastrointestinal nematodes. Such parasites affect animal performances, and can result in clinical symptoms in severe infestations. Lastly, the heavy reliance on anthelmintics to manage nematode populations generated resistance, i.e. non-effective easy options against infections. Here and now, integrated management of parasitism is required. This study aims at identifying and characterising farmers’ practices and knowledge in managing nematode risk on dairy sheep farms. It relies on a questionnaire-based survey among 700 dairy-sheep farmers in Pyrénnées-Atlantiques, France. The sample includes a diversity of pedoclimatic contexts and of livestock farming systems (herd size and dynamics, breed, animal performance, work organisation, grazing management…). First, both widespread and unusual nematode control practices were identified. Second, types of parasitism management were created through hierarchical cluster analysis on grazing and veterinary practices. Second, the specificities of each type were highlighted in terms of characteristics of livestock farming systems and farmer’s knowledge and preferences using a multiple correspondence analysis. We conclude that nematode control strategies relate to farmers’ worldviews regarding animal status on a farm, as well as structural constraints. We assessed opportunities for upcoming research and development in this region in regards with farmers’ preferences for strategies using tannins, genetic selection or phytotherapy. A such grasp on actual practices, knowledge and preferences of farmers is crucial for the relevance of future research and development programs.