Challenges on forest management under climate change are very high. This communication examines the field of objectives/constraints linked to adaptation and mitigation, in a context where society expects forests to provide very high levels of goods and services. Silvicultural diversification is a largely accepted principle in this context ; however, the diversification options currently discussed in Europe remain too narrow (in their scope) and naturalistic (in their philosophy). We propose to explore a broader range of diversification options, most of which imply (i) active management ; (ii) intentional and visible forest transformation ; (iii) a long-term, sustained commitment to monitor the efficiency and impacts of management change. We discuss the consequences on management planning decision support, public perception and what would be expected from social science investigations on this topic.