Vector-borne viruses can induce changes in the phenotype of their host plants that may in turninfluence the frequency and nature of host–vector interactions Manipulation of vectorbehaviour by phytoviruses usually facilitates their propagation and seems to convergeaccording to the virus transmission mode. However, to our knowledge, this convergence hasnever been related to the vector transmission efficiency. We investigated the effects ofinfection of Camelina sativa by the persistent Turnip Yellows Virus and the semi-persistentCauliflower Mosaic Virus on (i) arrestment and dispersal, (ii) feeding behaviour (usingelectropenetrography) and (iii) physiology of two aphid species: the polyphagous Myzuspersicae and the Brassicaceae specialist Brevicoryne brassicae. Results showed TuYV-infectedcamelina induced positive effects on the feeding behaviour and physiology of Myzus persicae,a vector with high transmission efficiency; but induced negative effects on Brevicorynebrassicae, a poor vector of TuYV. CaMV-infected plants had similar effects on both aphidspecies showing equivalent transmission efficiency for this virus. In conclusion, viralmanipulation of vector behaviour is likely to depend not only on the virus mode oftransmission, which is generally considered as a common assumption, but also on the aphidtransmission efficiency.