The bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes losses for farmers that may be reduced using vaccination. However, vaccination efficiency is barely known and depends on the herd and the region characteristics. Bourgogne is one of the main beef production regions in France. A BVDV alert program has been set up in this region since 2006, vaccination strategy being the privileged solution for controlling BVDV spread. Based on the characteristics of beef cow-calf herds present in this region, a stochastic model was developed to evaluate the efficiency of vaccination as a control strategy of BVDV spread. The herd was structured into subgroups. The within-herd virus dynamics includes both horizontal and vertical transmission. First, BVDV spread without any control strategy has been investigated. The virus was introduced either by inserting a persistently infected (PI) animal before, after, and in the middle of the breeding period, or via contamination due to neighbouring contacts on pasture. Second, vaccination of the breeding females before and after the virus introduction has been tested. Bred heifers only or bred heifers and cows were vaccinated, either every year or every two years. Simulation tests were done for three herd sizes. We have shown that vaccination impacts not only BVDV persistence, but also the number of PI animals, abortions, and deviations in sales and purchases. Finally, this model was a suitable tool to predict the consequences of BVDV introduction into a naive herd and to evaluate vaccination programs. It should prove to be a useful tool to help cow–calf producers in controlling the spread of BVDV in their herds.