Agriculture is facing the challenge to ensure global food security with minimal impacts on the environment. Over the last decade, agroecological options have been investigated that could represent alternative approaches for mainstream agriculture to meet this challenge. These options aim at integrating services delivered by biodiversity and by all its associated biotic interactions. They require the implementation of management strategies that enhance biodiversity and beneficial biotic interactions, decrease environmental impacts and maintain or increase crop production. Recent research has led to significant advances in the understanding of how biodiversity and its associated biotic interactions affect the functioning of agroecosystems. A short overview of the main ecological processes involved is presented. These processes include allelopathy, plant-plant competition for resources and trophic interactions such as predation and parasitism of pests. A set of management strategies promoting biodiversity and/or processes beneficial to agriculture, from gene to landscape, are presented as illustrations. These management strategies can be implemented through single practices, i.e. cultivar choice, spatial arrangement of crops, cover crops but also at larger spatial scales i.e. increased diversity of covers within cropping systems in space and time, field margin management, landscape organization. We highlight current limitations in our ability to take into account the multiple interactions occurring between processes and levels of management. The research approach currently developed at the experimental INRA farm near Dijon is an attempt to integrate biodiversity in the design of sustainable agricultural systems and is presented.