This chapter analyses the current characteristics of innovations in the agricultural and agrifood sector, exploring the nature and evolution of their sectoral specificities. Despite globalization, these innovations retain features specific to the relationships that agricultural and food activities have with nature, space and their societies. This specificity also depends on historical configurations of actors, institutions and knowledge that orient innovation and constitute agricultural innovation systems. However, agricultural and agrifood innovations are today marked in particular by the convergence of global challenges, as shown by research into transitions, be they ecological, climate-driven, digital, social or concerning food. The specificities of agricultural and agrifood innovations are being reshaped in the transitions underway, but their future evolution depends on the confrontations between different models of food production, exchange and consumption.