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Chapitre D'ouvrage Année : 2018

Maintaining the portfolio of wetland functions on landscapes: a rapid evaluation tool for estimating wetland functions and values in Alberta, Canada

Résumé

Wetland loss in Alberta is ongoing despite a policy of no-net loss of wetland area that has been in place since 1993. The Government of Alberta (GOA) recently replaced the policy of no-net loss of wetland area (1993) with a policy of no-net loss of wetland function (2013). The GO A commissioned the development of an Alberta Wetland Relative Value Evaluation Tool (ABWRET) to implement the no-net-loss of wetland function policy. However, the assessment of the over one million wetlands in Alberta using the “on-the-ground” ABWRET-Actual is not reasonable or realistic, and so, a “from-the-sky” ABWRET-Estimator was developed. Together, these ABWRET tools provide planning and regulatory tools to reduce the risk of wetland loss in Alberta. The ABWRET tools assess the following four wetland functions: hydrologic health (HH), water quality (WQ), ecologic health (EH), and human use (HU) for every wetland in Alberta. Sub-functions were identified for each function and include: water storage and stream flow support sub-functions for HH, water cooling, sediment retention, phosphorus retention, and nitrate removal sub-functions for WQ and organic nutrient export, fish habitat, invertebrate habitat, amphibian habitat, water bird nesting habitat, songbird, raptor and mammal habitat, and plant and pollinator habitat sub-functions for EH. The ABWRET-Estimator divides the province into functional units called relative value assessment units (RVAUs) so that wetlands in similar landscapes could be assessed against each other to provide relative estimates of wetland function within that geographic region. Wetland function was assessed for each RVAU by the ABWRET-Estimator using 73 process-based indicators that were estimated using existing GIS and remote sensing data. Indicators were standardized from 0-1 and combined to establish sub-function scores using models derived from expert opinion and literature review. The sub-function scores were then combined into an overall function score by taking the highest sub-function score for a given function. The overall relative wetland value score for each wetland was then estimated using a weighted average approach of the function scores. Using this information, wetlands were then assigned an a, b, c, d score based on their relative wetland value score percentile, where a score of a indicated a high functioning wetland. The a, b, c, d score was then modified based on historic wetland loss within each RVAU. Function scores were raised by one letter in RVAUs where a high amount of wetland loss has historically occurred to increase wetland protection. Conversely, the relative wetland value score letters were lowered by one letter (not less than d) in RVAUs with the lowest loss of wetlands to reduce wetland protection. The GOA has a powerful set of tools to implement their new wetland policy. Planners can use the ABWRET-Estimator tool to reduce risk of loss of wetland functions by supporting informed wetland planning and management decisions at both local and watershed scales. Regulators can use the ABWRET-Estimator tool to avoidthe loss of high-functioning wetlands when evaluated proposed development activities. A commitment to continuous improvement of the ABWRET tools together with a routine monitoring of potential changes in wetland functions will contribute to the reduction of further loss of wetland functions and their associated services for Albertans.
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Dates et versions

hal-02787282 , version 1 (18-08-2023)

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Irena Creed, David Aldred, Jaqueline Serran, Francesco Accatino. Maintaining the portfolio of wetland functions on landscapes: a rapid evaluation tool for estimating wetland functions and values in Alberta, Canada. Wetland and stream rapid assessments: development, validation, and application, Elsevier, 608 p., 2018, 9780128050910. ⟨10.1016/B978-0-12-805091-0.00027-X⟩. ⟨hal-02787282⟩

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