Urban society seems to have penetrated every corner of France, reducing the object of rural sociology and ethnology to nothing. These disciplines are built on a sharp rural/urban split, reserving the canonical vocabulary of sociology such as the analysis of social class for urban settings. Classical rural studies in France (Henri Mendras, Placide Rambaud…) were founded on an ad-hoc conceptualization borrowed from anthropology (Robert Redfield, Isac Chiva, Marcel Maget) and promote ad-hoc conceptualization like peasant society, community, village collectivity, village interconnaissance (everyone knowing each other), notables... The first introduction of social classes was limited to a social conflict between small and large farmers in the process of modernization (Marcel Jollivet) in the sixties and seventies or perceived as a domination from urban bourgeoisie to peasant in the process of the impossible social reproduction (Patrick Champagne). In that frame, the farmers were the incarnation of the true popular classes in France (Pierre Bourdieu). The radical development of contemporary rural worlds has swept this conception away. But are today’s contemporary rural worlds the exact equivalents of urban worlds? In this paper we defend the idea that the social morphology of contemporary rural worlds corresponds neither to a “reduced average France” nor to “local specificities.” In contemporary rural worlds, we repeatedly observe an overrepresentation of the working classes, especially laborers, and an under-representation of the cultural fringes of the higher classes. It means that all the localized social structure is like moved down and being a bourgeois in a small village does not mean you’ll be in Paris. Likewise, the phenomenon of secondary or multiple residences contributes to differential degrees of belonging to observed social spaces. We propose constructing a new sociology of rural worlds, understood as a sociology situating social groups at the macrosocial scale, a sociology of localized social space, products of the differentiated placement of social groups over space. To understand the construction of social classes in a relational process, we have to understand them as nationally or even internationally produced but localized in specific territories facing specific issues (nature, landscape, job market) and activities (farming, mining, local industries, tourism…) that engage different interest link to each social position on the social scale. There is no nationalized social space and the representation of each social groups move over space, in each localized social space.