Peri-implantation period is a critical step of pregnancy, associated with a high rate of pregnancy failure in cattle and human. Successful implantation not only relies on embryo quality but requires a functional and receptive endometrium. Based on experimental models and molecular analyses run in cattle, I will present recent data that provide new insights about the molecular mecanisms that drive endometrial physiology including the first in vivo demonstration of the biosensor property of this tissue in mammals.