The centrepiece of EU nature preservation policy is the Natura 2000 network of nature protection areas established under the 1992 Habitat Directive, which integrates protection areas designated by Member States under the 1979 Birds Directive. Although the network includes nature reserves, not all human activities are excluded in most of these areas; rather, Member States must ensure that privately owned land is managed in an ecologically and economically sustainable way. In addition, the CAP has progressively integrated environmental concerns by reducing its support coupled with yields and production, and by introducing policy tools which are better targeted to environmental objectives and specific areas.