Early growth and survival in planted seedlings of several tree species beneath norway spruce stands in southern Sweden
Résumé
In Europe, conversion of Norway spruce stands to more natural broadleaved stands has become increasingly common. In this field-experiment, the influence of different overstory removal and light environments on survival and growth in seedlings were examined. Four overstory treatments with middle aged Norway spruce were applied. Seedlings of the following seven tree species were planted in each of the four blocks: Acer platanoides L., Fagus sylvatica L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Picea abies L. (Karst.), Prunus avium L., Quercus robur L. and Tilia cordata (Mill.). The seedlings were monitored through the 2001-2004 growing seasons and light environments were estimated through analysis of hemispherical images. Highest survival was found among seedlings planted in approx. 18-25 % relative light, whereas best diameter growth in seedlings was found in the small clear-cut with approx. 70 % relative light. Survival and growth curves in relation to relative light are presented for all species.