Conservation agriculture is characterized by the continuous and simultaneous application of three principles: minimum soil disturbance (no-tillage), residue cover on the soil surface (dead mulch or cover crop) and diverse crop successions and cover crop mixes. Adopted in France by farmers since the 1990s, this farming system still faces some challenges to its adoption, particularly for weed management. To highlight this problem, 425 French farmers practicing conservation agriculture were surveyed by an online survey. Cultural practices used to manage weeds during the first years of conservation agriculture were requested. The use of each cultural practices was first studied independently. Then, a multiple correspondence analysis followed by a hierarchical ascendant classification resulted in groups of farmers with different combinations of practices. During first years of conservation agriculture, chemical weeding during the crop cycle was divided between a post-emergence application only (49%), a pre-emergence application only (13%) or the use of both applications (38%). Spot management on weed patches (51%) and on field border (30%) was also part of weed management. Cover crops and intercropping period weeding represented the main points of weed management for 80% of the farmers. Another practice to compete weeds by adding such as cover crops was the use of combined/companion crops by 37% of farmers. To manage weeds, many farmers also used practices to avoid emergence of weed cohorts, such as sowing date optimization (39%), crop rotation optimization (48%) and alternating sowing periods (61%). Increasing crop competitiveness was not part of the weed management strategy. Only 8% of farmers optimized row widths and used a variety to compete with weeds. Seeding rate optimization was used by 24% of the farmers . When regarding to the combinations of these cropping practices, six groups of farmers were identified. Main contributing practices for partitioning the groups were chemical weeding (crop weeding and intercropping period weeding), increasing competition by adding species (cover crops, combined/companion crops) and crop competition (sowing rate optimization). Thanks to the active participation of farmers’ networks during the broadcast, the use of an online survey resulted in effective responses to our questions.