The history of rainfall data time-resolution in a wide variety of geographical areas
Renato Morbidelli
(1)
,
Amanda Penelope García-Marín
(2)
,
Abdullah Al Mamun
(3)
,
Rahman Mohammad Atiqur
(4)
,
José Luís Ayuso-Muñoz
(2)
,
Mohamed Bachir Taouti
(5)
,
Piotr Baranowski
(6)
,
Gianni Bellocchi
(7, 8)
,
Claudia Sangüesa-Pool
(9)
,
Brett Bennett
(10)
,
Byambaa Oyunmunkh
(11)
,
Brunella Bonaccorso
(12)
,
Luca Brocca
(13)
,
Tommaso Caloiero
(14)
,
Enrica Caporali
(15)
,
Domenico Caracciolo
(16)
,
M. Carmen Casas-Castillo
(17)
,
Carlos G.Catalini
(2)
,
Mohamed Chettih
(5)
,
A.F.M. Kamal Chowdhury
(18)
,
Rezaul Chowdhury
(19)
,
Corrado Corradini
(1)
,
Jeffrey Custò
(20)
,
Jacopo Dari
(1)
,
Nazzareno Diodato
(21)
,
Nolan Doesken
(22)
,
Alexandru Dumitrescu
(23)
,
Javier Estévez
(2)
,
Alessia Flammini
(1)
,
Hayley Fowler
(24)
,
Gabriele Freni
(25)
,
Francesco Fusto
(26)
,
Leoncio García-Barrón
(27)
,
Ancuta Manea
(23)
,
Sven Goenster-Jordan
(28)
,
Stuart Hinson
(29)
,
Ewa Kanecka-Geszke
(30)
,
Kanak Kanti Kar
(31)
,
Wiesława Kasperska-Wołowicz
(32)
,
Miina Krabbi
(33)
,
Jaromir Krzyszczak
(6)
,
Alba Llabrés-Brustenga
(17)
,
José L.J. Ledesma
(34, 35)
,
Tie Liu
(36)
,
Marco Lompi
(15)
,
Loredana Marsico
(37)
,
Giuseppe Mascaro
(38)
,
Tommaso Moramarco
(13)
,
Noah Newman
(22)
,
Alina Orzan
(23)
,
Matteo Pampaloni
(1)
,
Roberto Pizarro-Tapia
(9)
,
Antonio Puentes Torres
(39)
,
Md Mamunur Rashid
(40)
,
Raúl Rodríguez-Solà
(17)
,
Marcelo Sepulveda Manzor
(41)
,
Krzysztof Siwek
(42)
,
Arturo Sousa
(27)
,
P.V. Timbadiya
(43)
,
Tymvios Filippos
(44)
,
Marina Georgiana Vilcea
(23)
,
Francesca Viterbo
(45)
,
Chulsang Yoo
(46)
,
Marcelo Zeri
(47)
,
Georgios Zittis
(44)
,
Carla Saltalippi
(1)
1
Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia
2 Universidad de Córdoba = University of Córdoba [Córdoba]
3 International Islamic University Malaysia [Kuala Lumpur]
4 Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
5 Université Amar Telidji - Laghouat
6 PAN - Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences = Académie polonaise des sciences
7 UREP - Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR
8 INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement
9 Universidad de Talca
10 Western Sydney University
11 Universität Bonn = University of Bonn
12 University of Messina
13 IRPI - Research Institute for Geo-hydrological Protection [Perugia]
14 IMAA - Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis of the National Research Council [Italy]
15 UniFI - Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence = Université de Florence
16 REPAS - Regional Environmental Protection Agency of Sardinia
17 UPC - Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya = Université polytechnique de Catalogne [Barcelona]
18 SUTD - Singapore University of Technology and Design
19 USQ - University of Southern Queensland
20 University of Malta [Malta]
21 MetEROBS - Met European Research Observatory
22 CSU - Colorado State University [Fort Collins]
23 NMA - National Meteorological Administration [Bucharest]
24 Newcastle University [Newcastle]
25 Università degli Studi di Enna " KORE "
26 Regional Environmental Protection Agency of Calabria
27 Universidad de Sevilla = University of Seville
28 University of Kassel
29 NCEI - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
30 Institute of Technology and Life Science : Kuyavian-Pomeranian Research Centre
31 Hydroclimatology Research Group
32 Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Research Centre
33 Estonian Environmental Research Center, Tallinn, Estonia
34 CSIC - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain]
35 SLU - Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences = Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet
36 XIEG - Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography [Urumqi]
37 Regional Environmental Protection Agency of Calabria
38 ASU - Arizona State University [Tempe]
39 UFBA - Universidade Federal da Bahia
40 UCF - University of Central Florida [Orlando]
41 UCHILE - Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago]
42 UMCS - Maria Curie-Sklodowska University
43 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology [Surat]
44 Cyprus International Institute for the Environment and Public Health
45 ESRL - NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
46 Korea University [Seoul]
47 Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais (CEMADEN), 12630-000 Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil
2 Universidad de Córdoba = University of Córdoba [Córdoba]
3 International Islamic University Malaysia [Kuala Lumpur]
4 Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
5 Université Amar Telidji - Laghouat
6 PAN - Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences = Académie polonaise des sciences
7 UREP - Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR
8 INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement
9 Universidad de Talca
10 Western Sydney University
11 Universität Bonn = University of Bonn
12 University of Messina
13 IRPI - Research Institute for Geo-hydrological Protection [Perugia]
14 IMAA - Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis of the National Research Council [Italy]
15 UniFI - Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence = Université de Florence
16 REPAS - Regional Environmental Protection Agency of Sardinia
17 UPC - Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya = Université polytechnique de Catalogne [Barcelona]
18 SUTD - Singapore University of Technology and Design
19 USQ - University of Southern Queensland
20 University of Malta [Malta]
21 MetEROBS - Met European Research Observatory
22 CSU - Colorado State University [Fort Collins]
23 NMA - National Meteorological Administration [Bucharest]
24 Newcastle University [Newcastle]
25 Università degli Studi di Enna " KORE "
26 Regional Environmental Protection Agency of Calabria
27 Universidad de Sevilla = University of Seville
28 University of Kassel
29 NCEI - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
30 Institute of Technology and Life Science : Kuyavian-Pomeranian Research Centre
31 Hydroclimatology Research Group
32 Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Research Centre
33 Estonian Environmental Research Center, Tallinn, Estonia
34 CSIC - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain]
35 SLU - Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences = Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet
36 XIEG - Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography [Urumqi]
37 Regional Environmental Protection Agency of Calabria
38 ASU - Arizona State University [Tempe]
39 UFBA - Universidade Federal da Bahia
40 UCF - University of Central Florida [Orlando]
41 UCHILE - Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago]
42 UMCS - Maria Curie-Sklodowska University
43 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology [Surat]
44 Cyprus International Institute for the Environment and Public Health
45 ESRL - NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
46 Korea University [Seoul]
47 Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais (CEMADEN), 12630-000 Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil
Gianni Bellocchi
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 744818
- IdHAL : gianni-bellocchi
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2712-7979
- IdRef : 176945385
Luca Brocca
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 792547
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9080-260X
Jacopo Dari
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 805423
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2740-5270
Résumé
Collected rainfall records by gauges lead to key forcings in most hydrological studies. Depending on sensor type and recording systems, such data are characterized by different time-resolutions (or temporal aggregations), t(a). We present an historical analysis of the time-evolution of t(a) based on a large database of rain gauge networks operative in many study areas. Globally, t(a) data were collected for 25,423 rain gauge stations across 32 geographic areas, with larger contributions from Australia, USA, Italy and Spain. For very old networks early recordings were manual with coarse time-resolution, typically daily or sometimes monthly. With a few exceptions, mechanical recordings on paper rolls began in the first half of the 20th century, typically with t(a) of 1 h or 30 min. Digital registrations started only during the last three decades of the 20th century. This short period limits investigations that require long time-series of sub-daily rainfall data, e.g, analyses of the effects of climate change on short-duration (sub-hourly) heavy rainfall. In addition, in the areas with rainfall data characterized for many years by coarse time-resolutions, annual maximum rainfall depths of short duration can be potentially underestimated and their use would produce errors in the results of successive applications. Currently, only 50% of the stations provide useful data at any time-resolution, that practically means t(a) = 1 min. However, a significant reduction of these issues can be obtained through the information content of the present database. Finally, we suggest an integration of the database by including additional rain gauge networks to enhance its usefulness particularly in a comparative analysis of the effects of climate change on extreme rainfalls of short duration available in different locations.