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Article Dans Une Revue Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism Année : 2021

Acceleration of gastric emptying by insulin-induced hypoglycemia is dependent on the degree of hypoglycemia

Résumé

Context: Hypoglycemia is a major barrier to optimal glycemic control in insulin-treated diabetes. Recent guidelines from the American Diabetes Association have subcategorized “non-severe” hypoglycemia into level 1 (<3.9 mmol/L) and 2 (<3 mmol/L) hypoglycemia. Gastric emptying of carbohydrate is a major determinant of postprandial glycemia but its role in hypoglycemia counter-regulation remains underappreciated. “Marked” hypoglycemia (~2.6 mmol/L) accelerates gastric emptying and increases carbohydrate absorption in health and type 1 diabetes, but the impact of “mild” hypoglycemia (3.0-3.9 mmol/L) is unknown. Objective: To determine the effects of 2 levels of hypoglycemia, 2.6 mmol/L (“marked”) and 3.6 mmol/L (“mild”), on gastric emptying in health. Design, Setting, and Subjects: Fourteen healthy male participants (mean age: 32.9 ± 8.3 years; body mass index: 24.5 ± 3.4 kg/m2) from the general community underwent measurement of gastric emptying of a radiolabeled solid meal (100 g beef) by scintigraphy over 120 minutes on 3 separate occasions, while blood glucose was maintained at either ~2.6 mmol/L, ~3.6 mmol/L, or ~6 mmol/L in random order from 15 minutes before until 60 minutes after meal ingestion using glucose-insulin clamp. Blood glucose was then maintained at 6 mmol/L from 60 to 120 minutes on all days. Results: Gastric emptying was accelerated during both mild (P = 0.011) and marked (P = 0.001) hypoglycemia when compared to euglycemia, and was more rapid during marked compared with mild hypoglycemia (P = 0.008). Hypoglycemia-induced gastric emptying acceleration during mild (r = 0.57, P = 0.030) and marked (r = 0.76, P = 0.0014) hypoglycemia was related to gastric emptying during euglycemia. Conclusion: In health, acceleration of gastric emptying by insulin-induced hypoglycemia is dependent on the degree of hypoglycemia and baseline rate of emptying.

Dates et versions

hal-03218929 , version 1 (06-05-2021)

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Citer

Tejaswini Arunachala Murthy, Jacqueline Grivell, Seva Hatzinikolas, Lee-Anne Chapple, Marianne Chapman, et al.. Acceleration of gastric emptying by insulin-induced hypoglycemia is dependent on the degree of hypoglycemia. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2021, 106 (2), pp.364-371. ⟨10.1210/clinem/dgaa854⟩. ⟨hal-03218929⟩

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