Goats were domesticated ~10,000 years ago from their bezoar wild ancestor Capra aegagrus. These founder animals spread out from domestication centres in Europe, Asia, and Africa during the next few thousand years, which resulted in many populations becoming locally adapted to diverse environmental constraints such as heat, altitude, disease resistance, etc. After a very long period of soft selection for production traits, the situation changed dramatically with the emergence of the breed concept about 200 years ago. Selection pressure was strongly increased, and gene flow between populations (or newly formed breeds) was seriously reduced, leading to the fragmentation of the initial gene pool. Currently, there are more than 1000 goat breeds worldwide, 18% of which are either threatened or already extinct. Through the generation of domestic breeds sequence data and their analysis together with existing data of domestic and wild animals, VarGoats collaborative project aims at becoming the first step of a 1000 goat genomes project. VarGoats Consortium is coordinated by the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique INRA (France), and includes an international team of partners