Globally, tree fecundity exceeds productivity gradients
Valentin Journé
(1, 2)
,
Robert Andrus
(3)
,
Marie-Claire Aravena
(4)
,
Davide Ascoli
(5)
,
Roberta Berretti
(5)
,
Daniel Berveiller
(6)
,
Michal Bogdziewicz
(7)
,
Thomas Boivin
(1)
,
Raul Bonal
(8)
,
Thomas Caignard
(9)
,
Rafael Calama
(10)
,
Jesús Julio Camarero
(11)
,
Chia‐hao Chang-Yang
(12)
,
Benoit Courbaud
(2)
,
F. Courbet
(1)
,
Thomas Curt
(13)
,
Adrian Das
(14)
,
Evangelia Daskalakou
(15)
,
Hendrik Davi
(1)
,
Nicolas Delpierre
(6)
,
Sylvain Delzon
(9)
,
Michael Dietze
(16)
,
Sergio Donoso Calderon
(4)
,
Laurent Dormont
(17)
,
Josep Maria Espelta
(18)
,
Timothy Fahey
(19)
,
William Farfan-Rios
(20)
,
Catherine Gehring
(21)
,
Gregory Gilbert
(22)
,
Georg Gratzer
,
Cathryn Greenberg
(23)
,
Qinfeng Guo
(23)
,
Andrew Hacket-Pain
(24)
,
Arndt Hampe
(9)
,
Qingmin Han
(25)
,
Janneke Hille Ris Lambers
(26)
,
Kazuhiko Hoshizaki
(27)
,
Ines Ibanez
(28)
,
Jill Johnstone
(29)
,
Daisuke Kabeya
(25)
,
Roland Kays
(30)
,
Thomas Kitzberger
(31)
,
Johannes Knops
(32)
,
Richard Kobe
(33)
,
Georges Kunstler
(2)
,
Jonathan Lageard
(34)
,
Jalene Lamontagne
(35)
,
Theodor Leininger
(36)
,
Jean‐marc Limousin
(17)
,
James Lutz
(37)
,
Diana Macias
(38)
,
Eliot Mcintire
(39)
,
Christopher Moore
(40)
,
Emily Moran
(41)
,
Renzo Motta
(5)
,
Jonathan Myers
(20)
,
Thomas Nagel
(42)
,
Kyotaro Noguchi
(25)
,
Jean‐marc Ourcival
(17)
,
Robert Parmenter
(43)
,
Ian Pearse
(44)
,
Ignacio Perez-Ramos
(45)
,
Lukasz Piechnik
(46)
,
John Poulsen
(47)
,
Renata Poulton-Kamakura
(47)
,
Tong Qiu
(47)
,
Miranda Redmond
(48)
,
Chantal Reid
(47)
,
Kyle Rodman
(49)
,
Francisco Rodriguez-Sanchez
(50)
,
Javier Sanguinetti
(31)
,
C. Lane Scher
(47)
,
Harald Schmidt Van Marle
(51)
,
Barbara Seget
(46)
,
Shubhi Sharma
(47)
,
Miles Silman
(52)
,
Michael Steele
(53)
,
Nathan Stephenson
(44)
,
Jacob Straub
(54)
,
Jennifer Swenson
(47)
,
Margaret Swift
(47)
,
Peter Thomas
(55)
,
Maria Uriarte
(56)
,
Giorgio Vacchiano
(57)
,
Thomas Veblen
(3)
,
Amy Whipple
(21)
,
Thomas Whitham
(21)
,
Boyd Wright
(58)
,
S. Joseph Wright
(59)
,
Kai Zhu
(22)
,
Jess Zimmerman
(60)
,
Roman Zlotin
(61)
,
Magdalena Zywiec
(46)
,
James Clark
(2, 47)
1
URFM -
Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes
2 UR LESSEM - Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne
3 University of Colorado [Boulder]
4 UCHILE - Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago]
5 UNITO - Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin
6 ESE - Ecologie Systématique et Evolution
7 UAM - Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu = Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
8 UCM - Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid]
9 BioGeCo - Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés
10 INIA-CIFOR - Centro de Investigacion Forestal
11 CSIC - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain]
12 NSYSU - National Sun Yat-sen University
13 RECOVER - Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience
14 Western Ecological Research Center
15 HAO Demeter - Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter
16 Department of Earth and Environment [Boston]
17 CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive
18 CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries = Centre de Recerca Ecologica i Aplicacions Forestals
19 Cornell University [New York]
20 WUSTL - Washington University in Saint Louis
21 Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff]
22 UC - University of California
23 USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station
24 University of Liverpool
25 FFPRI - Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute
26 D-ERDW - Departement Erdwissenschaften [ETH Zürich]
27 Akita University
28 University of Michigan [Ann Arbor]
29 UAF - University of Alaska [Fairbanks]
30 NC State - North Carolina State University [Raleigh]
31 UNCOMA - Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén]
32 Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University [Suzhou]
33 Michigan State University [East Lansing]
34 MMU - Manchester Metropolitan University
35 DePaul University [Chicago]
36 USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station
37 USU - Utah State University
38 The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque]
39 Pacific Forestry Centre
40 Colby College
41 UC Merced - University of California [Merced]
42 University of Ljubljana
43 National Park Service
44 USGS - United States Geological Survey
45 IRNAS - Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla
46 PAN - Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences = Académie polonaise des sciences
47 Duke University [Durham]
48 CSU - Colorado State University [Fort Collins]
49 University of Wisconsin-Madison
50 Universidad de Sevilla = University of Seville
51 USACH - Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago]
52 Wake Forest University
53 Wilkes University
54 SUNY - State University of New York
55 Keele University [Keele]
56 Columbia University [New York]
57 UNIMI - Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan
58 UNE - University of New England
59 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
60 UPR - University of Puerto Rico
61 Indiana University [Bloomington]
2 UR LESSEM - Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne
3 University of Colorado [Boulder]
4 UCHILE - Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago]
5 UNITO - Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin
6 ESE - Ecologie Systématique et Evolution
7 UAM - Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu = Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
8 UCM - Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid]
9 BioGeCo - Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés
10 INIA-CIFOR - Centro de Investigacion Forestal
11 CSIC - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain]
12 NSYSU - National Sun Yat-sen University
13 RECOVER - Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience
14 Western Ecological Research Center
15 HAO Demeter - Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter
16 Department of Earth and Environment [Boston]
17 CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive
18 CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries = Centre de Recerca Ecologica i Aplicacions Forestals
19 Cornell University [New York]
20 WUSTL - Washington University in Saint Louis
21 Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff]
22 UC - University of California
23 USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station
24 University of Liverpool
25 FFPRI - Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute
26 D-ERDW - Departement Erdwissenschaften [ETH Zürich]
27 Akita University
28 University of Michigan [Ann Arbor]
29 UAF - University of Alaska [Fairbanks]
30 NC State - North Carolina State University [Raleigh]
31 UNCOMA - Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén]
32 Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University [Suzhou]
33 Michigan State University [East Lansing]
34 MMU - Manchester Metropolitan University
35 DePaul University [Chicago]
36 USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station
37 USU - Utah State University
38 The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque]
39 Pacific Forestry Centre
40 Colby College
41 UC Merced - University of California [Merced]
42 University of Ljubljana
43 National Park Service
44 USGS - United States Geological Survey
45 IRNAS - Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla
46 PAN - Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences = Académie polonaise des sciences
47 Duke University [Durham]
48 CSU - Colorado State University [Fort Collins]
49 University of Wisconsin-Madison
50 Universidad de Sevilla = University of Seville
51 USACH - Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago]
52 Wake Forest University
53 Wilkes University
54 SUNY - State University of New York
55 Keele University [Keele]
56 Columbia University [New York]
57 UNIMI - Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan
58 UNE - University of New England
59 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
60 UPR - University of Puerto Rico
61 Indiana University [Bloomington]
Valentin Journé
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Marie-Claire Aravena
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Daniel Berveiller
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Thomas Boivin
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Thomas Caignard
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Rafael Calama
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Jesús Julio Camarero
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Chia‐hao Chang-Yang
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Thomas Curt
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Nicolas Delpierre
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Sylvain Delzon
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Michael Dietze
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Laurent Dormont
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Georg Gratzer
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Arndt Hampe
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Georges Kunstler
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Jean‐marc Limousin
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Renzo Motta
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Maria Uriarte
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Giorgio Vacchiano
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S. Joseph Wright
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James Clark
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Résumé
Lack of tree fecundity data across climatic gradients precludes the analysis of how seed supply contributes to global variation in forest regeneration and biotic interactions responsible for biodiversity. A global synthesis of raw seedproduction data shows a 250-fold increase in seed abundance from cold-dry to warm-wet climates, driven primarily by a 100-fold increase in seed production for a given tree size. The modest (threefold) increase in forest productivity across the same climate gradient cannot explain the magnitudes of these trends. The increase in seeds per tree can arise from adaptive evolution driven by intense species interactions or from the direct effects of a warm, moist climate on tree fecundity. Either way, the massive differences in seed supply ramify through food webs potentially explaining a disproportionate role for species interactions in the wet tropics.
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