The reduction of body size with warming has been proposed as the third universal response to global warming, besides geographical and phenological shifts. Observed body size shifts in ectotherms are mostly attributed to the temperature size rule (TSR) stating that warming speeds up initial growth rate but leads to smaller adult size when resource availability is not limiting growth. Nevertheless, climate warming can decrease resource availability by modifying biochemical cycles and primary production and it remains unclear if, and how, the TSR pattern holds under resource restriction. Resource availability can also influence growth and survival and thus potentially modulate the effect of temperature on the growth survival trade-off, although this remains untested. In this paper, we filled this gap by investigating under laboratory conditions the independent and interactive effects of temperature (20 or 30 °C) and resource availability (restricted or ad libitum) on the growth and survival of the medaka fish Oryzias latipes. Our results confirm that warming leads to a higher initial growth rate and lower adult size leading to crossed growth curves between the two temperatures. Resource restriction modulated this temperature effect, particularly by decreasing initial growth rate at 20 °C. Restricted fish were smaller than ad libitum fed fish throughout the experiment leading to nested growth curves. Resource restriction appears to amplify TSR by decreasing initial growth rate in the cold treatment and shrinking adult size in the warm treatment. The survival probability of fish was lower at 30 °C compared to 20 °C suggesting a "live fast die young" strategy where accelerated growth trades of with increased mortality. Resource restriction increased the survival probability under both temperature conditions corresponding to a "eat little die old" strategy when resource restriction decreases growth but increases longevity. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for the interaction between temperature and resource availability to understand body size shifts. This is of importance in the context of global warming as resources (e.g., phytoplankton and zooplankton communities in aquatic ecosystems) are predicted to change in size structure and total abundance with increasing temperatures. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of considering ontogeny when investigating the effects of temperature-induced body size shifts on trophic interactions and community dynamics since thermal effects depend on the life stage of the organisms.