Pharmaceutical pollution of the world’s rivers
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John Wilkinson
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167573
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6993-216X
Alistair Boxall
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167574
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3823-7516
Dana Kolpin
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167575
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3529-6505
Kenneth Leung
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167576
- ORCID : 0000-0002-2164-4281
Racliffe Lai
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167577
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9181-3458
Cristóbal Galbán-Malagón
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167578
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8397-5804
- IdRef : 263047938
Aiko Adell
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167579
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9302-7311
Julie Mondon
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167580
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0643-7540
Marc Metian
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 759371
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1485-5029
- IdRef : 119754398
Alejandra Bouzas-Monroy
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167581
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4158-2943
Aida Cuni-Sanchez
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167582
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8619-1095
Anja Coors
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167583
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9224-2917
Pedro Carriquiriborde
- Function : Author
Macarena Rojo
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167584
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7021-8943
Chris Gordon
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167585
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2734-851X
Magdalena Cara
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167586
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1715-8635
Monique Moermond
- Function : Author
Thais Luarte
- Function : Author
Vahagn Petrosyan
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167587
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1921-5063
Yekaterina Perikhanyan
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167588
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8852-8288
Clare Mahon
- Function : Author
Christopher Mcgurk
- Function : Author
Thilo Hofmann
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167589
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8929-6933
Tapos Kormoker
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167590
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7552-5627
Volga Iniguez
- Function : Author
Jessica Guzman-Otazo
- Function : Author
Jean Tavares
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167591
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5772-0493
Francisco Gildasio de Figueiredo
- Function : Author
Maria Razzolini
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167592
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3308-9550
Victorien Dougnon
- Function : Author
Gildas Gbaguidi
- Function : Author
Oumar Traoré
- Function : Author
Jules Blais
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167593
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7188-3598
Linda Kimpe
- Function : Author
Michelle Wong
- Function : Author
Donald Wong
- Function : Author
Romaric Ntchantcho
- Function : Author
Jaime Pizarro
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167594
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6132-6117
Guang-Guo Ying
- Function : Author
Chang-Er Chen
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167595
- ORCID : 0000-0002-2069-4076
Martha Páez
- Function : Author
Jina Martínez-Lara
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167596
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3710-4543
Jean-Paul Otamonga
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167597
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0416-848X
John Poté
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167598
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4091-749X
Suspense Ifo
- Function : Author
Penelope Wilson
- Function : Author
Silvia Echeverría-Sáenz
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167599
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8214-745X
Nikolina Udikovic-Kolic
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167600
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0134-3748
Milena Milakovic
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167601
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2368-8170
Despo Fatta-Kassinos
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167602
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1173-0941
- IdRef : 146741226
Lida Ioannou-Ttofa
- Function : Author
Vladimíra Belušová
- Function : Author
Jan Vymazal
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167603
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8113-4670
- IdRef : 052628949
María Cárdenas-Bustamante
- Function : Author
Bayable Kassa
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167604
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7613-9015
Arnaud Chaumot
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 736388
- IdHAL : arnaud-chaumot
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9132-3419
- IdRef : 069962685
Peter Gibba
- Function : Author
Ilia Kunchulia
- Function : Author
Sven Seidensticker
- Function : Author
Gerasimos Lyberatos
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167606
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1663-4035
Halldór Halldórsson
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167607
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5529-1536
Molly Melling
- Function : Author
Thatikonda Shashidhar
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167608
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2973-2224
Manisha Lamba
- Function : Author
Anindrya Nastiti
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167609
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4857-5287
Adee Supriatin
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167610
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9211-9644
Nima Pourang
- Function : Author
Ali Abedini
- Function : Author
Omar Abdullah
- Function : Author
Salem Gharbia
- Function : Author
Francesco Pilla
- Function : Author
Benny Chefetz
- Function : Author
Tom Topaz
- Function : Author
Koffi Marcellin Yao
- Function : Author
Bakhyt Aubakirova
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167611
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7106-3111
Raikhan Beisenova
- Function : Author
Lydia Olaka
- Function : Author
Jemimah Mulu
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167612
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4097-6668
Peter Chatanga
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167613
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5260-4955
Victor Ntuli
- Function : Author
Nathaniel Blama
- Function : Author
Sheck Sherif
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167614
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8293-4637
Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Function : Author
Ley Juen Looi
- Function : Author
Mahamoudane Niang
- Function : Author
Seydou Traore
- Function : Author
Rik Oldenkamp
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167615
- ORCID : 0000-0002-2245-6987
Olatayo Ogunbanwo
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167616
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1437-2310
Muhammad Ashfaq
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167617
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6671-0908
Muhammad Iqbal
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167618
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8722-2340
Ziad Abdeen
- Function : Author
Aaron O’dea
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167619
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5495-4764
- IdRef : 185392075
Jorge Manuel Morales-Saldaña
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167620
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7961-1725
María Custodio
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167621
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1994-010X
Heidi de la Cruz
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167622
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3754-9139
Ian Navarrete
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167623
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6701-9951
Fabio Carvalho
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167624
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6305-5602
Alhaji Brima Gogra
- Function : Author
Bashiru Koroma
- Function : Author
Vesna Cerkvenik-Flajs
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167625
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3876-8897
Mitja Gombač
- Function : Author
Melusi Thwala
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167626
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9770-2110
Kyungho Choi
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167627
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7460-792X
Habyeong Kang
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167628
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9978-7525
John Ladu
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167629
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3908-8452
Andreu Rico
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167630
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1820-4218
Priyanie Amerasinghe
- Function : Author
Anna Sobek
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167631
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1549-7449
Gisela Horlitz
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167632
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5299-7605
Armin Zenker
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167633
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0297-7280
Alex King
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167634
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8692-5244
Jheng-Jie Jiang
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167635
- ORCID : 0000-0002-2887-723X
Rebecca Kariuki
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167636
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7888-7594
Madaka Tumbo
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167637
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1419-6599
Ulas Tezel
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167638
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8322-1666
Turgut Onay
- Function : Author
Julius Lejju
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167639
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1762-3701
Yuliya Vystavna
- Function : Author
Yuriy Vergeles
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167640
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4915-1489
Horacio Heinzen
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167641
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8985-478X
Andrés Pérez-Parada
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167642
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0321-8171
Douglas Sims
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167643
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2427-9555
Maritza Figy
- Function : Author
David Good
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167644
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6703-2662
Charles Teta
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1167645
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0732-0272
Abstract
Significance Despite growing evidence of the deleterious effects on ecological and human health, little is known regarding the global occurrence of pharmaceuticals in rivers. Studies assessing their occurrence are available for 75 of 196 countries, with most research conducted in North America and Western Europe. This leaves large geographical regions relatively unstudied. Here, we present the findings of a global reconnaissance of pharmaceutical pollution in rivers. The study monitored 1,052 sampling sites along 258 rivers in 104 countries of all continents, thus representing the pharmaceutical fingerprint of 471.4 million people. We show that the presence of these contaminants in surface water poses a threat to environmental and/or human health in more than a quarter of the studied locations globally.