Impact de la conduite des cultures intermédiaires sur la flore adventice : résultats de l’analyse de 31 essais
Résumé
Data of 31 field trials were analysed to quantify the impact of cover crops grown during summer
fallow on weeds during this period. Results show that weed abundance at the date of cover-crop
destruction greatly varies between experimental locations which differed in terms of pedoclimate,
previous crop etc. Cover-crop above-ground biomass did not impact weed plant density. However,
weed above-ground biomass decreased with increasing cover-crop biomass. Cover-crop species
greatly differed in their ability to reduce weed biomass, according to their own biomass, their speed
of soil coverage at early stages and their above-ground plant morphology. Cover crops with high
levels of biomass and rapid soil coverage strongly reduced weed biomass but without eliminating
weeds entirely. Weeds density monitored in crops following the cover crops were neither
correlated to weeds abundance during the fallow period nor to cover crop biomass
Les données de 31 essais ont été analysées afin de quantifier l’impact des cultures intermédiaires
sur les adventices pendant l’interculture. Les résultats montrent une très grande variabilité de la
densité d’adventices à la destruction du couvert, principalement selon l’effet site (pédoclimat,
précédent cultural, parcelle, etc.). La biomasse aérienne du couvert n’a pas d’effet sur la densité
d’adventices (nombre d’adventices/m²). En revanche, la biomasse aérienne d’adventices (t/ha de
matière sèche) décroit avec la biomasse aérienne du couvert. Il existe des différences notoires
entre espèces de couvert, selon leur production de biomasse, leur vitesse de couverture du sol et
les caractéristiques de leurs parties aériennes. Les couverts à forte biomasse et forte vitesse de
couverture du sol limitent nettement la biomasse des adventices sans pour autant les faire
disparaître. La densité d’adventices observée dans la culture suivante n’est ni corrélée à la densité
d’adventices pendant l’interculture, ni à la biomasse du couvert
Abstract
Data of 31 field trials were analysed to quantify the impact of cover crops grown during summer
fallow on weeds during this period. Results show that weed abundance at the date of cover-crop
destruction greatly varies between experimental locations which differed in terms of pedoclimate,
previous crop etc. Cover-crop above-ground biomass did not impact weed plant density. However,
weed above-ground biomass decreased with increasing cover-crop biomass. Cover-crop species
greatly differed in their ability to reduce weed biomass, according to their own biomass, their speed
of soil coverage at early stages and their above-ground plant morphology. Cover crops with high
levels of biomass and rapid soil coverage strongly reduced weed biomass but without eliminating
weeds entirely. Weeds density monitored in crops following the cover crops were neither
correlated to weeds abundance during the fallow period nor to cover crop biomass
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