How susceptible is Sudetan larch to larch canker Lachnellula willkommii (R. Hartig) Dennis? Consequences for breeding and deployment
Résumé
Historical results from provenance trials tended to position Sudetan larch (Larix decidua Mill. sudetica)
populations among the least susceptible to larch canker (Lachnellula willkommi (R.Hartig) Dennis), in
sharp contrast to Alpine populations. However, a recent large-scale outbreak of larch canker in
artificial French stands planted with Sudetan larch brings into question this conclusion but also, as
a consequence, the value of Sudetan larch seed orchards to mass-propagate risk-limited forest
reproductive material. Clonal material from the French breeding population and seed orchards
was investigated for its susceptibility to larch canker. As a first step, a genetic structure analysis of
this population (220 clones) was conducted: it revealed its genetic heterogeneity, with 53.1% of
the clones classified as “pure” Sudetan, 3.1% as Alpine; 1.5% as Central European and 42.3% as
introgressed. Following artificial inoculation, “pure” Sudetan clones appeared generally less
susceptible to canker than Alpine clones; admixed clones behaved in a similar way to the pure
Sudetan material. However, the broad clonal variability observed within each population prevents
the sole use of genetic origin of clones to rogue the most susceptible ones within orchards.
Artificial inoculation is, so far, the only reliable way to properly assess clonal behaviour towards
canker and thus support genetic roguing of orchards.